Kodi Pap Smear Imazindikira HIV?

Zamkati

• Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati maselo osadziwika apezeka ndi Pap smear?
• Ndi mayeso ati a HIV omwe alipo?
• Ndi labu iti yomwe imayesa kuyeza kachilombo ka HIV?
• Ndi mayeso ati apakhomo omwe amayesedwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi HIV?
• Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi kachilombo ka HIV angatani tsopano?

Kodi Pap smear imatha kudziwa kachilombo ka HIV?

Pap smear imawunika khansa ya pachibelekero poyang'ana zovuta zina m'maselo achiberekero cha mayi. Chiyambireni ku United States mu 1941, Pap smear, kapena Pap test, amadziwika kuti amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu omwalira chifukwa cha khansa ya pachibelekero.

Ngakhale khansa ya pachibelekero imatha kupha ngati singachiritsidwe, khansa imakula pang'onopang'ono. Pap smear imazindikira kusintha kwa khomo pachibelekeropo koyambirira kuti ichitepo kanthu moyenera.

Malangizo amalimbikitsa kuti azimayi azaka 21 mpaka 65 azilandira Pap smear zaka zitatu zilizonse. Malangizowa amalola Pap smear zaka zisanu zilizonse kwa azimayi azaka zapakati pa 30 mpaka 65 ngati awunikiranso kachilombo ka papillomavirus (HPV). HPV ndi kachilombo kamene kangayambitse khansa ya pachibelekero.

Pap smear nthawi zambiri imachitika nthawi yofanana ndi kuyezetsa matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, monga HIV. Komabe, Pap smear sayesa kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati maselo osadziwika apezeka ndi Pap smear?

Ngati Pap smear ikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa maselo achilendo pachibelekeropo, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kulangiza colposcopy.

Colposcope imagwiritsa ntchito kukweza kochepa kuti iunikire zovuta za khomo pachibelekeropo ndi madera ozungulira. Panthawiyo, wothandizira zaumoyo amathanso kutenga biopsy, yomwe ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono, kuti ayesere labotale.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kwakhala kotheka kuyesa kupezeka kwa HPV DNA mwachindunji. Kusonkhanitsa nyemba zoyeserera za DNA ndikofanana ndikutenga Pap smear ndipo kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mayeso ati a HIV omwe alipo?

Aliyense wazaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 64 akuyenera kukayezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kamodzi, malinga ndi.

Kuyezetsa kwapakhomo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kachilombo ka HIV, kapena kuyezetsa kumatha kuchitidwa kuofesi ya othandizira zaumoyo. Ngakhale wina atayezetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana chaka chilichonse, sangathe kuganiza kuti kuyezetsa kulikonse, kuphatikiza kuyezetsa magazi ndi gawo lazowonera.

Aliyense amene akufuna kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kufotokozera wodwalayo nkhawa zawo. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kukambirana pazomwe ma STI akuyenera kuchitidwa komanso liti. Nthawi yoyenera kuwunika imadalira thanzi la munthu, machitidwe ake, zaka zake, mwazinthu zina.

Ndi labu iti yomwe imayesa kuyeza kachilombo ka HIV?

Ngati kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kukuchitika kuofesi ya wothandizira zaumoyo, chimodzi mwazoyeserera zitatu za labu zikuyenera kuchitika:

• kuyesa kwa antibody, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito magazi kapena malovu kuti azindikire mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi poyankha HIV
• mayeso a antibody ndi antigen, omwe amafufuza magazi kuti aone ngati ali ndi HIV
• kuyesa kwa RNA, komwe kumafufuza magazi ngati pali chilichonse chabwinobwino chokhudzana ndi kachilomboka

Mayeso ofulumira omwe apangidwa posachedwa safuna kuti zotsatira zake ziunikidwe mu labu. Kuyesaku kumayang'ana ma antibodies ndipo kumatha kubwezera zotsatira pasanathe mphindi 30 kapena kuchepa.

Chiyeso choyambirira chikhoza kukhala cha antibody kapena antibody / antigen test. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kudziwa kuti antibody ali m'munsi mwake kuposa momwe amapezeka m'matumbo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuzindikira kachilombo ka HIV msanga.

Ngati munthu apezeka ndi kachirombo ka HIV, kuyezetsa kotsatira kudzachitika kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi HIV-1 kapena HIV-2. Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri amadziwa izi pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a immunoblot.

Ndi mayeso ati apakhomo omwe amayesedwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi HIV?

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavomereza mayeso awiri owunika ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ndiwo Njira Yoyeserera HIV-1 Yoyeserera ndi OraQuick In-Home Test Test.

Pogwiritsa ntchito Njira Yoyesera HIV-1 Yoyesera, munthu amatenga kachidutswa ka magazi ake ndikumatumiza ku labu kukayezetsa. Atha kuyimbira labu tsiku limodzi kapena awiri kuti alandire zotsatira. Zotsatira zabwino zimayesedwa pafupipafupi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotsatira zake ndi zolondola.

Kuyezetsa kumeneku sikumvetsetsa kwenikweni kuposa komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito magazi kuchokera mumitsempha, koma kumakhala kosavuta kuposa komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito swab pakamwa.

Mayeso a HIV a OraQuick In-Home amagwiritsa ntchito swab ya malovu mkamwa. Zotsatira zimapezeka mumphindi 20. Ngati munthu ayesa kuti ali ndi kachilombo, adzatumizidwa kumalo oyesera kukayezetsa kuti atsimikizire kulondola. Dziwani zambiri za kuyezetsa HIV kunyumba.

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi kachilombo ka HIV angatani tsopano?

Kuyezetsa magazi msanga ndiye chinsinsi chothandizira kulandira mankhwala.

"Tikukulimbikitsani kuti aliyense ayesedwe kachilombo ka HIV kamodzi pa moyo wake," akutero a Michelle Cespedes, MD, membala wa HIV Medicine Association komanso wothandizirana nawo pa zamankhwala ku Icahn School of Medicine ku Mount Sinai.

"Chotsatira chake ndikuti timanyamula anthu asanawonongedwe chitetezo chawo," akutero. "Timalandira chithandizo posachedwa kuti chisawateteze kuti asatengeke."

Anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo cha HIV ayenera kuwunika zomwe angasankhe. Amatha kukonzekera nthawi yokumana ndi omwe amawapatsa zaumoyo kukayezetsa labu kapena kugula mayeso kunyumba.

Ngati angasankhe kukayezetsa kunyumba ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zabwino, atha kufunsa omwe amawapatsa zaumoyo kuti atsimikizire zotsatirazi. Kuchokera pamenepo, awiriwo atha kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti awunikire zosankha ndikuzindikira njira zotsatirazi.