Kusokonezeka Kwaposachedwa

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa ndipo ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Chithandizo
• Mankhwala
• Njira zina zochiritsira
• Zovuta zake ndi ziti?
• Kupewa kudzipha
  
• Onani dokotala

Kodi kuphulika kwapakatikati ndi chiyani?

Matenda osokoneza bongo (IED) ndimavuto omwe amapsa mtima mwadzidzidzi, kupsa mtima, kapena kuchita ndewu. Izi zimakhala zopanda nzeru kapena zosagwirizana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.

Pomwe anthu ambiri amakwiya kamodzi kanthawi, IED imaphatikizaponso kubwerezabwereza. Anthu omwe ali ndi IED amatha kupsa mtima, kuwononga katundu, kapena kuwukira anzawo mwamawu kapena mwakuthupi.

Pemphani kuti muphunzire zizindikilo zodziwika bwino za IED.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Makanema okakamira, andewu omwe amadziwika ndi IED amatha kutenga mitundu yambiri. Makhalidwe ena omwe atha kukhala zizindikilo za IED ndi awa:

• kufuula ndi kufuula
• mikangano yayikulu
• Kupsa mtima komanso kukwiya
• zoopseza
• ukali wamsewu
• kukhomerera makoma kapena kuphwanya mbale
• kuwononga katundu
• nkhanza, monga kumenya mbama kapena kukankha
• ndewu kapena zipolowe
• nkhanza m'banja
• kumenya

Izi kapena zowukira nthawi zambiri zimachitika popanda chenjezo. Zimakhala kwakanthawi, sizimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa theka la ora. Zitha kuwoneka limodzi ndi zizindikilo zakuthupi, monga:

• mphamvu yowonjezera (adrenaline rush)
• mutu kapena kupanikizika pamutu
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kufinya pachifuwa
• kusokonezeka kwa minofu
• kumva kulira
• kunjenjemera

Kumva kukwiya, kukwiya, ndi kusadziletsa kumafotokozedwa nthawi yayitali kapena isanachitike. Anthu omwe ali ndi IED amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro othamanga kapena kudzimva kuti alibe nkhawa. Pambuyo pake, atha kumva kutopa kapena kumasuka. Anthu omwe ali ndi IED nthawi zambiri amafotokoza zakumva chisoni kapena kudzimvera chisoni pambuyo poti zachitika.

Kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi IED, zigawo izi zimachitika pafupipafupi. Kwa ena, zimachitika pakatha milungu ingapo- kapena miyezi ingapo osachita zankhanza. Kupsa mtima kumatha kuchitika pakati pa ziwawa zakuthupi.

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Mtundu watsopano wa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) umaphatikizira njira zosinthira za IED. Njira zatsopano zimasiyanitsa:

• zochitika zankhanza pafupipafupi popanda kuvulaza anthu kapena katundu
• machitidwe osawononga pafupipafupi owononga kapena achiwawa omwe amawononga kwambiri anthu kapena katundu

Vuto lodziwika bwino ndi laukali lakhala likupezeka m'magulu onse a DSM. Komabe, idayamba kutchedwa IED patsamba lachitatu. Asanatulutsidwe kachitatu, amakhulupirira kuti ndizosowa. Ndi njira zosinthira zosinthira komanso kupita patsogolo pakufufuza kwa IED, tsopano akukhulupirira kuti ndizofala kwambiri.

Mu 2005, adapeza kuti 6.3 peresenti ya anthu 1,300 omwe amafunafuna chisamaliro chaumoyo adakwaniritsa DSM-5 IED nthawi ina m'moyo wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, 3.1% adakwaniritsa zomwe angapeze pakadali pano.

Munthu 9,282 wochokera ku 2006 adapeza kuti 7.3% adakwaniritsa njira za DSM-5 za IED panthawi inayake m'moyo wawo, pomwe 3.9% adakwaniritsa izi m'miyezi 12 yapitayi.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa ndipo ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Zochepa ndizodziwika pazomwe zimayambitsa IED. Choyambitsa chake mwina chimakhala kuphatikiza kwa majini ndi chilengedwe. Zinthu zamtundu zimaphatikizapo majini ochokera kwa kholo kupita kwa mwana. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo machitidwe omwe munthu amakhala ali mwana.

Umagwirira ubongo ungathandizenso. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza mwamphamvu komanso mwamakani kumalumikizidwa ndi ma serotonin otsika muubongo.

Mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chokulira IED ngati:

• ndi amuna
• ali ndi zaka zosakwana 40
• anakulira m'mabanja otukwana kapena otukwana
• anakumana ndi zoopsa zingapo ali mwana
• ali ndi matenda ena amisala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azichita zinthu mopupuluma kapena pamavuto, monga:
  • vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi (ADHD)
  • kusakhazikika pamakhalidwe
  • vuto lakumalire

Amachizidwa bwanji?

Pali mankhwala angapo a IED. Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opitilira umodzi.

Chithandizo

Kuwona mlangizi, wama psychologist, kapena Therapist yekha kapena pagulu kungathandize munthu kuthana ndi zizindikilo za IED.

Chidziwitso chamakhalidwe (CBT) ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza kuzindikira njira zoyipa ndikugwiritsa ntchito maluso, kutha msanga, ndikuyambiranso maphunziro kuti athane ndi zikhumbo zankhanza.

Kafukufuku wa 2008 adapeza kuti masabata 12 a CBT payekha kapena pagulu amachepetsa zisonyezo za IED kuphatikiza kupsa mtima, kuwongolera mkwiyo, komanso chidani. Izi zinali zowona panthawi yachipatala komanso pambuyo pa miyezi itatu.

Mankhwala

Palibe mankhwala enieni a IED, koma mankhwala ena amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchita zinthu mopupuluma kapena kuchita ndewu. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• antidepressants, makamaka serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• zolimbitsa mtima, kuphatikizapo lithiamu, valproic acid, ndi carbamazepine
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Kafukufuku wamankhwala a IED ndi ochepa. Kafukufuku wa 2009 adapeza kuti SSRI fluoxetine, yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina loti Prozac, idachepetsa machitidwe okakamira kuchita zinthu mosakwiya pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi IED.

Zitha kutenga chithandizo mpaka miyezi itatu kuti muthane ndi zovuta zonse za SSRIs, ndipo zizindikilo zimayambanso kupezeka mankhwala akangoyimitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti aliyense amalabadira mankhwala.

Njira zina zochiritsira

Kafukufuku wowerengeka adasanthula momwe njira zochiritsira zosinthira komanso kusintha kwa moyo wa IED. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zomwe sizingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• kulandira chakudya chamagulu
• kugona mokwanira
• kukhalabe olimbikira
• kupewa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi ndudu
• kuchepetsa ndi kuyambitsa magwero a kupsinjika
• yopanga nthawi yopuma, monga kumvera nyimbo
• kuchita kusinkhasinkha kapena njira zina zoganizira
• kuyesa njira zina zochiritsira, monga acupressure, kutema mphini, kapena kutikita minofu

Zovuta zake ndi ziti?

IED imatha kukhudza ubale wanu wapafupi ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kukangana pafupipafupi komanso kuchita zinthu mwankhanza kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kukhalabe ndiubwenzi wolimba. Zigawo za IED zitha kuvulaza kwambiri m'mabanja.

Muthanso kukumana ndi zovuta mukamachita zinthu mwankhanza kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena panjira. Kutaya ntchito, kuchotsedwa sukulu, ngozi zapagalimoto, komanso zovuta zachuma komanso zalamulo ndizovuta zonse.

Anthu omwe ali ndi IED ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi zovuta zina zamaganizidwe ndi thupi. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• kukhumudwa
• nkhawa
• ADHD
• kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• zikhalidwe zina zowopsa kapena zopupuluma, monga kutchova njuga pamavuto kapena kugonana kosatetezeka
• mavuto a kudya
• mutu wopweteka
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• matenda ashuga
• matenda amtima
• sitiroko
• kupweteka kosalekeza
• zilonda
• kudzivulaza komanso kudzipha

Kupewa kudzipha

1. Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina ali pachiwopsezo chodzivulaza kapena kukhumudwitsa wina:
2. • Imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yakomweko.
3. • Khalani ndi munthuyo mpaka thandizo litafika.
4. • Chotsani mfuti, mipeni, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingakuvulazeni.
5. • Mverani, koma osaweruza, kutsutsana, kuwopseza, kapena kufuula.
6. Ngati inu kapena munthu wina yemwe mumamudziwa akuganiza zodzipha, pezani thandizo kuchokera ku nthawi yovuta kapena njira yodzitchinjiriza. Yesani National Suicide Prevention Lifeline pa 800-273-8255.

Onani dokotala

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi IED samafuna chithandizo. Koma ndizosatheka kupewa magawo a IED popanda thandizo la akatswiri.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti mwakhala ndi IED, pitani nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala kapena katswiri wina wazamisala. Ngati mukuwona kuti mutha kudzivulaza nokha kapena wina, itanani 911 mwachangu.

Ngati muli pachibwenzi ndi munthu amene mukuganiza kuti ali ndi IED, mutha kufunsa wokondedwa wanu kuti apeze thandizo. Komabe, palibe chitsimikizo kuti adzatero. IED sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowiringula chaukali kapena nkhanza kwa inu.

Pangani chitetezo chanu ndi ana anu patsogolo. Phunzirani momwe mungakonzekerere mwadzidzidzi ndikupeza thandizo poyimbira foni ya National Domestic Violence ku 800-799-SAFE (800-799-7233) kapena kupita patsamba lawo.