Mavuto akupuma - chithandizo choyamba

Anthu ambiri amangopuma mopepuka. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto la kupuma lomwe amalimbana nawo pafupipafupi.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza chithandizo choyamba kwa munthu amene akupuma movutikira.

Mavuto opumira amatha kuchokera ku:

• Kusowa mpweya
• Kulephera kupuma mwamphamvu ndikupumira mpweya
• Kumva ngati kuti simukupeza mpweya wokwanira

Kupuma kovuta nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuchipatala. Chosiyana ndikumverera pang'ono kuchokera kuzinthu zabwinobwino, monga masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zopumira. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimaphatikizaponso zathanzi komanso zadzidzidzi zamankhwala.

Mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe angayambitse kupuma ndi awa:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchuluka kwama cell ofiira ofiira)
• Mphumu
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD), omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa emphysema kapena bronchitis
• Matenda a mtima kapena kulephera kwa mtima
• Khansa ya m'mapapo, kapena khansa yomwe yafalikira m'mapapu
• Matenda opuma, kuphatikizapo chibayo, bronchitis pachimake, chifuwa, croup, ndi ena

Zina mwadzidzidzi zamankhwala zomwe zingayambitse kupuma ndi:

• Kukhala pamalo okwera kwambiri
• Kuundana kwamagazi m'mapapu
• Mapapu otayika (pneumothorax)
• Matenda amtima
• Kuvulala khosi, chifuwa, kapena mapapo
• Pericardial effusion (madzimadzi ozungulira mtima omwe angaimitse kuti isadzaze bwino ndi magazi)
• Pleural effusion (madzimadzi ozungulira mapapu omwe amatha kuwapanikiza)
• Zomwe zimawopseza moyo
• Pafupi kumira, komwe kumayambitsa kuphulika kwamadzimadzi m'mapapu

Anthu omwe amapuma movutikira nthawi zambiri amawoneka osasangalala. Atha kukhala:

• Kupuma mofulumira
• Osatha kupuma atagona ndipo amafunika kukhala pansi kuti apume
• Wodandaula kwambiri komanso wokwiya
• Kugona kapena kusokonezeka

Atha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zina, kuphatikiza:

• Chizungulire kapena kupepuka
• Ululu
• Malungo
• Tsokomola
• Nseru
• Kusanza
• Milomo yabuluu, zala, ndi zikhadabo
• Chifuwa chikuyenda modabwitsa
• Kugundika, kupumira, kapena kupanga malikhweru
• Kulankhula mokuwa kapena kulephera kuyankhula
• Kutsokomola magazi
• Kuthamanga kwachangu kapena kosasintha
• Kutuluka thukuta

Ngati zovuta zimayambitsa vuto lakupuma, amatha kukhala ndi zotupa kapena kutupa nkhope, lilime, kapena pakhosi.

Ngati kuvulala kukuchititsa kupuma movutikira, atha kukhala akutuluka magazi kapena kukhala ndi bala looneka.

Ngati wina akupuma movutikira, itanani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo, kenako:

• Onani momwe munthu akupumira, kupuma, komanso kugunda kwamunthu. Ngati ndi kotheka, yambani CPR.
• Masulani zovala zilizonse zolimba.
• Thandizani munthuyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse omwe akupatsidwa (monga asthma inhaler kapena oxygen home).
• Pitirizani kuyang'anira kupuma ndi kutulutsa kwa munthu mpaka thandizo lachipatala lifike. Musaganize kuti matenda a munthuyo akukhala bwino ngati simungamvekenso phokoso lachilendo, monga kupuma.
• Ngati pali mabala otseguka m'khosi kapena pachifuwa, ayenera kutsekedwa nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati thovu la mpweya limawonekera pachilondacho. Mangani mabala otere nthawi yomweyo.
• Bala lachifuwa "loyamwa" limalola mpweya kulowa m'chifuwa cha munthuyo ndi mpweya uliwonse. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mapapo agwe. Mangani chilondacho ndi kukulunga pulasitiki, thumba la pulasitiki, kapena mapadi a gauze wokutidwa ndi mafuta odzola, ndikudinda mbali zitatu, kusiya mbali imodzi osatseka. Izi zimapanga valavu yoteteza mpweya kuti usalowe pachifuwa kudzera pachilondacho, ndikulola mpweya wotsekedwa kutuluka pachifuwa kudzera mbali yosatsekedwa.

OSA:

• Mpatseni munthuyo chakudya kapena chakumwa.
• Sunthani munthuyo ngati pakhala pali mutu wovulala pamutu, m'khosi, pachifuwa kapena panjira, pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Tetezani ndi kukhazikika khosi ngati munthuyo akuyenera kusunthidwa.
• Ikani mtsamiro pansi pa mutu wa munthuyo. Izi zitha kutseka njira yapaulendo.
• Dikirani kuti muwone ngati mkhalidwe wa munthuyo ukukhala bwino musanalandire chithandizo chamankhwala. Pezani thandizo nthawi yomweyo.

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati inu kapena munthu wina ali ndi zizindikilo za kupuma kovuta, mu Zizindikiro gawo pamwambapa.

Komanso itanani dokotala wanu kapena wothandizira zaumoyo nthawi yomweyo ngati:

• Ali ndi chimfine kapena matenda ena opuma ndipo akuvutika kupuma
• Khalani ndi chifuwa chosatha pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu
• Akutsokomola magazi
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda tanthauzo kapena thukuta usiku
• Satha kugona kapena kudzuka usiku chifukwa cha kupuma movutikira
• Tawonani ndizovuta kupuma mukamachita zinthu zomwe mumachita popanda kupuma movutikira, mwachitsanzo, kukwera masitepe

Komanso itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chifuwa ndipo akupanga phokoso kapena kupuma.

Zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muthane ndi mavuto ampweya:

• Ngati muli ndi mbiri yazovuta zina, tengani cholembera cha epinephrine ndipo muvale chiphaso chamankhwala. Wopereka wanu adzakuphunzitsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito cholembera cha epinephrine.
• Ngati muli ndi mphumu kapena chifuwa, chotsani zovuta zapanyumba zomwe zimayambitsa fumbi ndi nkhungu.
• Musasute, ndipo pewani utsi wa fodya. Musalole kusuta m'nyumba mwanu.
• Ngati muli ndi mphumu, onani nkhani yokhudzana ndi mphumu kuti mudziwe njira zothanirana ndi vutoli.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu alandira katemera wa chifuwa chachikulu (pertussis).
• Onetsetsani kuti chilimbikitso cha tetanus chilipo.
• Mukamayenda pandege, dzukani ndikuyenda maola angapo kuti mupewe magazi omwe amaundana m'miyendo mwanu. Akaundana amatha kutuluka ndikukhazikika m'mapapu anu. Mukakhala pansi, yesani kuzungulira kwa akakolo ndikukweza ndikutsitsa zidendene, zala zakumapazi, ndi mawondo kuti muwonjezere magazi m'miyendo yanu. Ngati mukuyenda pagalimoto, imani ndikutuluka ndikuyenda pafupipafupi.
• Ngati mukulemera kwambiri, muchepetse kunenepa. Mutha kumva kuti mwapanikizika ngati mukulemera kwambiri. Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima komanso matenda amtima.

Valani chikwangwani chamankhwala ngati mwayamba kupuma, monga mphumu.

Kuvuta kupuma - chithandizo choyamba; Dyspnea - thandizo loyamba; Kupuma movutikira - chithandizo choyamba

• Mapapu atagwa, pneumothorax
• Epiglotti
• Kupuma

Zadzidzidzi za kupuma kwa Rose E. Ana: kutsekeka kwapansi panjira ndi matenda. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 167.

Schwartzstein RM, Adams L. Dyspnea. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 29.

Thomas SH, Goodloe JM. Matupi akunja. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 53.