Chiwindi A.

Hepatitis A ndikutupa (kuyabwa ndi kutupa) kwa chiwindi kuchokera ku kachilombo ka hepatitis A.

Kachilombo ka hepatitis A kamapezeka makamaka pamipando ndi magazi a munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhalapo masiku 15 mpaka 45 zizindikiro zisanachitike komanso sabata yoyamba yodwala.

Mutha kutenga hepatitis A ngati:

• Mumadya kapena kumwa chakudya kapena madzi omwe adayipitsidwa ndi ndowe (zonyansa) zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis A. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika komanso zosaphika, nkhono, ayezi, ndi madzi ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
• Mumakumana ndi chopondapo kapena magazi a munthu yemwe pano ali ndi matendawa.
• Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis A amapatsira kachilomboko pachinthu kapena chakudya chifukwa chosamba m'manja atagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.
• Mumachita nawo zachiwerewere zomwe zimakhudzana ndikulumikiza m'kamwa.

Sikuti aliyense ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a hepatitis A. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri ali ndi kachilomboka kuposa momwe amapezedwera kapena kunenedwa.

Zowopsa ndi izi:

• Maulendo akunja, makamaka ku Asia, South kapena Central America, Africa ndi Middle East
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a IV
• Kukhala kumalo osungirako okalamba
• Kugwira ntchito yazaumoyo, chakudya, kapena zimbudzi
• Kudya nkhono zazikulu monga oysters ndi ziphuphu

Matenda ena ofala kwambiri a chiwindi ndi monga hepatitis B ndi hepatitis C. Hepatitis A ndiye matenda oopsa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakadutsa milungu iwiri kapena 6 mutadwala kachilombo ka hepatitis A. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa, koma amatha miyezi ingapo, makamaka akuluakulu.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Mkodzo wakuda
• Kutopa
• Kuyabwa
• Kutaya njala
• Malungo ochepa
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Zojambula zofiirira kapena zadongo
• Khungu lachikaso (jaundice)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzakuyesani, zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kuti chiwindi chanu ndi chokulirapo komanso chofewa.

Mayeso amwazi atha kuwonetsa:

• Ma antibodies omwe adakweza IgM ndi IgG ku hepatitis A (IgM nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino IgG isanachitike)
• Ma antibodies a IgM omwe amapezeka panthawi yovuta yamatenda
• Mavitamini okwanira a chiwindi (kuyesa kwa chiwindi), makamaka milingo ya enzyme ya transaminase

Palibe mankhwala enieni a hepatitis A.

• Muyenera kupumula ndikukhala osamalidwa bwino pomwe zizindikilo zikuwopsa kwambiri.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chachikulu ayenera kupewa mowa ndi mankhwala omwe ndi owopsa pachiwindi, kuphatikizapo acetaminophen (Tylenol) panthawi yamatenda ovuta komanso kwa miyezi ingapo atachira.
• Zakudya zamafuta zimatha kusanza ndipo zimapewa bwino panthawi yamatenda.

Kachilomboka sikukhala mthupi nthendayo ikatha.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis A amachira pasanathe miyezi itatu. Pafupifupi anthu onse amakhala bwino mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Palibe kuwonongeka kosatha mukachira. Komanso, simungathenso matendawa. Pali chiopsezo chochepa chomwalira. Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu pakati pa okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi.

Malangizo otsatirawa angakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chofalitsa kapena kutenga kachilomboka:

• Nthawi zonse muzisamba m'manja mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, ndipo mukakumana ndi magazi, chopondapo, kapena madzi ena amthupi a munthu wodwala.
• Pewani chakudya ndi madzi osayera.

Tizilomboti titha kufalikira mofulumira kudzera m'malo osamalira ana masana ndi malo ena omwe anthu amakhala pafupi. Kusamba m'manja mosamala musanadye komanso mukamaliza kusinthana thewera, musanapereke chakudya, komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi kumathandiza kupewa kuphulika koteroko.

Funsani omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopeza ma globulin amthupi kapena katemera wa hepatitis A ngati mukudwala matendawa ndipo mulibe katemera wa hepatitis A kapena katemera wa hepatitis A.

Zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amalandila ndi izi:

• Muli ndi hepatitis B kapena C kapena matenda amtundu wa chiwindi.
• Mumakhala ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi hepatitis A.
• Mudangogonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi hepatitis A.
• Mudagawana nawo mankhwala osokoneza bongo osavomerezeka, kaya obayidwa kapena osapatsidwa jakisoni, ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a A.
• Mwakhala mukugwirizana kwambiri kwakanthawi kwakanthawi ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi hepatitis A.
• Mwadyera mu malo odyera momwe chakudya kapena ogulitsa chakudya amapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.
• Mukukonzekera kupita kumalo komwe matenda a chiwindi a A amapezeka.

Katemera amene amateteza motsutsana ndi matenda a hepatitis A amapezeka. Katemerayu amayamba kuteteza masabata anayi mutalandira mankhwala oyamba. Muyenera kupeza booster kuwombera miyezi 6 mpaka 12 pambuyo pake kuti mutetezedwe kwakanthawi.

Apaulendo akuyenera kuchita izi kuti ateteze matendawa:

• Pewani zopangidwa ndi mkaka.
• Pewani nyama ndi nsomba zosaphika kapena zosaphika.
• Chenjerani ndi zipatso zodulidwa zomwe mwina zidatsukidwa m'madzi osayera. Apaulendo ayenera kusenda zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zonse.
• OSAGULA chakudya kwa ogulitsa mumsewu.
• Pezani katemera wa hepatitis A (ndipo mwina hepatitis B) mukamapita kumayiko komwe kumayambika matendawa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi am'mabotolo okhaokha kutsuka mano ndi kumwa. (Kumbukirani kuti madzi oundana amatha kunyamula matenda.)
• Ngati madzi am'mabotolo palibe, madzi otentha ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera matenda a chiwindi a A. Bweretsani madziwo chithupsa chathunthu kwa mphindi imodzi kuti akhale abwino kumwa.
• Chakudya chotenthedwa chikuyenera kukhala chotentha mpaka kukhudza ndikudya nthawi yomweyo.

Matenda a chiwindi; Matenda a chiwindi

• Dongosolo m'mimba
• Chiwindi A.

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Pawlotsky JM. Pachimake tizilombo chiwindi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 139.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Advisory Committee on Immucisation Practices adalimbikitsa dongosolo la katemera kwa ana ndi achinyamata azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Wachivundi Wkly Rep. Chizindikiro. 2020; 69 (5): 130-132. PMID: 32027628 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027628.

Sjogren MH, Bassett JT. (Adasankhidwa) Hepatitis A. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Fordtran's Mimba ndi Matenda a Chiwindi: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 78.