Neuropathy yachiwiri ndi mankhwala

Matenda a ubongo ndi kuvulala kwa mitsempha ya m'mimba. Awa ndi misempha yomwe siili muubongo kapena msana. Neuropathy yotsatira mankhwala ndikutaya chidwi kapena kusuntha m'gawo lina la thupi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha pakumwa mankhwala enaake kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala.

Kuwonongeka kumayambitsidwa ndi zotsatira za poizoni za mankhwala ena pamitsempha ya m'mimba. Pakhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwa gawo la axon la mitsempha, lomwe limasokoneza mawonekedwe amitsempha. Kapena, kuwonongeka kungaphatikizepo myelin sheath, yomwe imalowetsa ma axon ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa kufalitsa kwa ma sign kudzera axon.

Nthawi zambiri, mitsempha yambiri imakhudzidwa (polyneuropathy). Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusintha kwamalingaliro komwe kumayambira mbali zakunja za thupi (distal) ndikusunthira pakatikati pa thupi (loyandikira). Pakhoza kukhala zosintha poyenda, monga kufooka. Pakhoza kukhala ululu woyaka.

Mankhwala ambiri ndi zinthu zina zimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa matenda amitsempha. Zitsanzo zalembedwa pansipa.

Mankhwala a mtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi:

• Amiodarone
• Hydralazine
• Perhexiline

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi khansa:

• Cisplatin
• Zolemba
• Kameme TV
• Suramin
• Dzina Vincristine

Mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi matenda:

• Chloroquine
• Dapsone
• Isoniazid (INH), yogwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu
• Metronidazole (Flagyl)
• Nitrofurantoin
• Thalidomide (yogwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi khate)

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amthupi:

• Etanercept (Enbrel)
• Infliximab (Kutulutsa)
• Leflunomide (Arava)

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khunyu:

• Carbamazepine
• Phenytoin
• Phenobarbital

Mankhwala oletsa kumwa mowa:

• Disulfiram

Mankhwala olimbana ndi HIV / AIDS:

• Didanosine (Videx)
• Emtricitabine (Emtriva)
  
• Stavudine (Zerit)
• Tenofovir ndi emtricitabine (Truvada)

Mankhwala ena ndi zinthu zomwe zingayambitse matenda amitsempha ndi monga:

• Colchicine (amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira gout)
• Disulfiram (ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mowa)
• Arsenic
• Golide

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Dzanzi, kutaya chidwi
• Kujambula, kumverera kachilendo
• Kufooka
• Kupweteka kopweteka

Kusintha kwachisangalalo kumayambira kumapazi kapena m'manja ndikusunthira mkati.

Kuyezetsa kwa ubongo ndi zamanjenje kumachitika.

Mayesero ena ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mankhwala (ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magazi mwazinthu zina kungakhale koopsa kwa okalamba kapena anthu ena)
• EMG (electromyography) ndi kuyesa kwamitsempha yamagetsi kwamitsempha ndi minofu

Chithandizo chimachokera kuzizindikiro komanso momwe zilili zovuta. Mankhwala omwe amayambitsa matenda amitsempha amatha kuimitsidwa, kuchepetsedwa pamlingo, kapena kusinthidwa kukhala mankhwala ena. (Osasintha mankhwala aliwonse musanalankhule ndi omwe amakuthandizani.)

Wothandizira anu atha kupereka mankhwalawa kuti athetse ululu:

• Kuchepetsa kupweteka kwapadera kumatha kuthandizira kupweteka pang'ono (neuralgia).
• Phenytoin, carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine, kapena tricyclic anti-depressants monga nortriptyline imatha kuchepetsa zopweteka zomwe anthu ena amamva.
• Opiate ululu, monga morphine kapena fentanyl, angafunike kuti athetse ululu waukulu.

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala omwe angathetsere kutayika kwamanjenje. Ngati mwataya chidwi, mungafunike kutenga njira zachitetezo kuti mupewe kuvulala.

Funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati pali masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse matenda anu.

Anthu ambiri amatha kubwerera pang'ono kapena pang'ono pantchito yawo yachibadwa. Matendawa samayambitsa zovuta zowopsa, koma atha kukhala osasangalatsa kapena opundula.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kulephera kugwira ntchito kuntchito kapena kunyumba chifukwa cha kutayika kwamuyaya
• Ululu ndikumangirira m'dera la kuvulala kwamitsempha
• Kutaya kwamuyaya kwachisangalalo (kapena kawirikawiri, kuyenda) mdera

Itanani omwe amakupatsani ngati mutayika kapena kusuntha gawo lililonse lakuthupi mukamamwa mankhwala aliwonse.

Wothandizira anu amayang'anitsitsa chithandizo chanu ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe angayambitse matenda a ubongo. Cholinga ndikuti magazi azikhala oyenera pamankhwalawa kuti athetse matendawa komanso zizindikilo zake poletsa mankhwalawo kuti asafike poizoni.

• Central dongosolo lamanjenje ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje

Jones MR, Akukopa Ine, Wolf J, et al. Mankhwala ozunguza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amawunikiranso. Curr Clin Pharmacol. Januware 2019. PMID: 30666914 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30666914.

Katirji B. Kusokonezeka kwamitsempha yotumphukira. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mutu 107.

O'Connor KDJ, Mastaglia FL. Matenda osokoneza bongo amanjenje. Mu: Aminoff MJ, Josephson SA, olemba. Aminoff's Neurology ndi General Medicine. 5th ed. Waltham, MA: Atolankhani a Elsevier Academic; 2014: mutu 32.