Khansa ya m'mawere

Gulu lanu lazachipatala likadziwa kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere, ayesa mayeso ambiri kuti adziwe. Staging ndi chida chomwe gulu limagwiritsa ntchito kuti mudziwe momwe khansara yayendera. Gawo la khansa limadalira kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, kaya chafalikira, komanso momwe khansayo yafalikira.

Gulu lanu lazachipatala limagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira:

• Sankhani chithandizo chabwino kwambiri
• Dziwani mtundu wotsatira wotsatira womwe udzafunika
• Dziwani mwayi wanu wochira (madokotala)
• Pezani mayesero azachipatala omwe mutha kulowa nawo

Pali mitundu iwiri ya khansa ya m'mawere.

Makanema azachipatala zachokera pamayeso omwe anachitika asanamuchite opaleshoni. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuyesa kwakuthupi
• Mammogram
• MRI ya m'mawere
• Chifuwa cha Ultrasound
• Chifuwa cha m'mawere, kaya ndi ultrasound kapena stereotactic
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kujambula mafupa
• PET Jambulani

Zithunzi zamatenda imagwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuchokera kumayeso a labu omwe amachitika pamatenda a m'mawere ndi ma lymph node omwe amachotsedwa pa opaleshoni. Makina amtunduwu amathandizira kupeza chithandizo chowonjezera ndikuthandizira kudziwa zomwe mungayembekezere chithandizo chikatha.

Magawo a khansa ya m'mawere amafotokozedwa ndi njira yotchedwa TNM:

• T amayimira chotupa. Limafotokoza kukula ndi malo amene panali chotupacho.
• N amayimirama lymph node. Imafotokoza ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera. Ikufotokozanso kuchuluka kwa ma node omwe ali ndi ma cell a khansa.
• M amayimirachifuwa. Imafotokoza ngati khansara yafalikira mbali zina za thupi kutali ndi bere.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito magawo asanu ndi awiri ofotokozera khansa ya m'mawere.

• Gawo 0, lotchedwanso carcinoma in situ. Imeneyi ndi khansa yomwe imangokhala m'makola kapena m'miyendo ya m'mawere. Sinafalikire kumatupi ozungulira. Ma Lobules ndi mbali za bere zomwe zimatulutsa mkaka. Ma ducts amatengera mkakawo kumabele. Khansara ya Gawo 0 amatchedwa noninvasive. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sanafalikire. Khansa ina ya khansa 0 imayamba kudwala pambuyo pake. Koma madokotala sangadziwe omwe ati atero ndi omwe sangatero.
• Gawo I. Chotupacho ndi chaching'ono (kapena chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kuti munthu angachiwone) komanso chowopsa. Zitha kufalikira kapena sizingafalikire kumatenda omwe ali pafupi ndi bere.
• Gawo II. Mwina sipangakhale chotupa pachifuwa, koma khansa imapezeka yomwe yafalikira ku ma lymph node kapena ma node pafupi ndi chifuwa. Nthaka za Axillary ndizimene zimapezeka mumtambo kuchokera pansi pa mkono mpaka pamwamba pa kolala. Pakhoza kukhalanso chotupa pakati pa 2 ndi 5 masentimita m'mawere ndi khansa yaying'ono m'matenda ena am'mimba. Kapenanso, chotupacho chimatha kukhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita 5 osakhala ndi khansa mzindawo.
• Gawo IIIA. Khansa yafalikira mpaka 4 mpaka 9 axillary node kapena kumayendedwe pafupi ndi chifuwa koma osati mbali zina za thupi. Kapenanso, pakhoza kukhala chotupa chokulirapo kuposa masentimita 5 ndi khansa yomwe yafalikira ku ma 3 axillary node kapena ma node pafupi ndi chifuwa cha bere.
• Gawo IIIB. Chotupacho chafalikira kukhoma pachifuwa kapena pakhungu la m'mawere kuyambitsa zilonda kapena kutupa. Mwinanso imafalikira kumadera ozungulira koma osati mbali zina za thupi.
• Gawo IIIC. Khansa yamtundu uliwonse yafalikira mpaka malo osachepera 10 axillary. Itha kufalikira pakhungu la m'mawere kapena khoma la bere, koma osati mbali zakuthupi.
• Gawo IV. Khansara ndi metastatic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti yafalikira ku ziwalo zina monga mafupa, mapapo, ubongo, kapena chiwindi.

Mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, komanso gawo, zidzakuthandizani kudziwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya siteji I, II, kapena III, cholinga chachikulu ndikuchiza khansa pochiza ndikuletsa kuti isabwererenso. Ndi gawo IV, cholinga ndikukulitsa zizindikiritso ndikutalikitsa moyo. Pafupifupi milandu yonse, khansa ya m'mawere yapa IV sinathe kuchiritsidwa.

Khansa imatha kubwerera mankhwala akatha. Ngati zitero, zimatha kuchitika m'mawere, m'malo akutali a thupi, kapena m'malo onse awiriwa. Ngati ibwerera, ingafunike kusinthidwa.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere (wamkulu) (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/chithandizo-chifupa-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa February 12, 2020. Idapezeka pa Marichi 20, 2020.

Neumayer L, Viscusi RK. Kuunika ndi kusankha gawo la khansa ya m'mawere. Mu: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, olemba. Chifuwa: Kusamalira kwathunthu kwa matenda a Benign ndi Malignant. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 37.

• Khansa ya m'mawere