Amblyopia

Amblyopia ndikulephera kuwona bwino kudzera pa diso limodzi. Amatchedwanso "diso laulesi." Ndicho chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto a masomphenya mwa ana.

Amblyopia imachitika pamene njira ya mitsempha yochokera pa diso limodzi kupita kuubongo siyimakula ubwana. Vutoli limayamba chifukwa diso losazolowereka limatumiza chithunzi cholakwika kuubongo. Izi ndizochitika mu strabismus (maso owoloka). Mavuto ena amaso, chithunzi cholakwika chimatumizidwa kuubongo, zomwe zimasokoneza ubongo, ndipo ubongo ungaphunzire kunyalanyaza chithunzicho kuchokera kudiso lofooka.

Strabismus ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha amblyopia. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbiri yabanja yazimenezi.

Mawu oti "diso laulesi" amatanthauza amblyopia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika limodzi ndi strabismus. Komabe, amblyopia imatha kuchitika popanda strabismus. Komanso, anthu amatha kukhala ndi strabismus popanda amblyopia.

Zina mwa zifukwa zake ndi izi:

• Matenda aubwana
• Kuwonetseratu patali, kuwona patali, kapena astigmatism, makamaka ngati kuli kwakukulu m'diso limodzi

Mu strabismus, vuto lokhalo m'maso ndikuti limalozeredwa kolakwika. Ngati kusawona bwino kumayambitsidwa ndi vuto la diso, monga ngwalala, amblyopia adzafunikirabe kuchiritsidwa, ngakhale amphaka atachotsedwa. Amblyopia sangakhalepo ngati maso onse ali ndi masomphenya ofanana.

Zizindikiro za vutoli ndi monga:

• Maso omwe amatembenukira kapena kutuluka
• Maso omwe samawoneka kuti akugwira ntchito limodzi
• Kulephera kuweruza mozama molondola
• Maso olakwika m'diso limodzi

Nthawi zambiri, amblyopia imatha kupezeka ndi mayeso athunthu amaso. Mayeso apadera samafunika kawirikawiri.

Gawo loyamba lidzakhala kukonza vuto lililonse la diso lomwe likuyambitsa kusawona bwino m'diso la amblyopic (monga ng'ala).

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lokonzanso (kuwona patali, kuwona patali, kapena astigmatism) amafunikira magalasi.

Kenako, chigamba chimayikidwa pa diso labwinobwino. Izi zimakakamiza ubongo kuzindikira chithunzi kuchokera m'diso ndi amblyopia. Nthawi zina, madontho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza masomphenya a diso labwinolo m'malo moyika chigamba. Njira zatsopano zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakompyuta, kuwonetsa chithunzi chosiyanako ndi diso lililonse. Popita nthawi, masomphenya pakati pa maso amakhala ofanana.

Ana omwe masomphenya awo sachira bwino, ndipo omwe ali ndi diso limodzi labwino chifukwa cha vuto lililonse ayenera kuvala magalasi. Magalasiwa amayenera kuphwanyaphwanya- komanso osalimba.

Ana omwe amalandila chithandizo asanakwanitse zaka 5 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masomphenya oyandikira kwambiri. Komabe, atha kupitilizabe kukhala ndi mavuto ndi kuzindikira kwakuya.

Mavuto osatha amatha kukhala ngati mankhwala akuchedwa. Ana omwe amathandizidwa atakwanitsa zaka 10 amatha kuyembekezera kuti masomphenya adzachira pang'ono.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Mavuto am'maso omwe angafunike maopaleshoni angapo
• Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi m'maso

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo kapena ophthalmologist ngati mukuganiza kuti vuto la masomphenya mwa mwana wakhanda.

Kuzindikira ndikuchiza vutoli msanga kumalepheretsa ana kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owonongekeratu. Ana onse ayenera kuyezetsa kwathunthu kamodzi kamodzi pakati pa zaka 3 mpaka 5.

Njira zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza masomphenya mwa mwana yemwe ndi wamng'ono kwambiri kuti sangathe kulankhula. Akatswiri ambiri osamalira maso amatha kuchita njirazi.

Diso laulesi; Masomphenya kutayika - amblyopia

• Kuyesa kwowoneka bwino
• Walleyes

Ellis GS, Pritchard C. Amblyopia. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chaputala 11.11.

Kraus CL, Culican SM. Kupita kwatsopano pamankhwala othandizira amblyopia I: zochizira zama binocular ndi kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala. B J Ophthalmol. 2018; 102 (11): 1492-1496. PMID: 29777043 adasankhidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29777043/.

Olitsky SE, Marsh JD. Kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 639.

Yambani MX. Amblyopia: zoyambira, mafunso, ndi kasamalidwe kothandiza. Mu: Lambert SR, Lyons CJ, olemba. Taylor & Hoyt's Pediatric Ophthalmology ndi Strabismus. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 73.

Yen MY. Therapy ya amblyopia: mawonekedwe atsopano. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2017; 7 (2): 59-61. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 29018758 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29018758/.