Zilonda za adrenal

Zilonda za adrenal ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono. Gland imodzi ili pamwamba pa impso iliyonse.

Chidutswa chilichonse cha adrenal chimakhala chachikulu ngati gawo lalitali la chala chachikulu. Gawo lakunja la gland limatchedwa kotekisi. Amapanga mahomoni a steroid monga cortisol, aldosterone, ndi mahomoni omwe amatha kusinthidwa kukhala testosterone. Gawo lamkati la gland limatchedwa medulla. Amapanga epinephrine ndi norepinephrine. Mahomoni amenewa amatchedwanso adrenaline ndi noradrenaline.

Matendawa akapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira, mutha kudwala. Izi zitha kuchitika pakubadwa kapena pambuyo pake m'moyo.

Matenda a adrenal amatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri, monga matenda am'magazi, matenda, zotupa, ndi magazi. Zina ndizokhazikika ndipo zina zimapita pakapita nthawi. Mankhwala amathanso kukhudza ma adrenal glands.

Pituitary, kachiwalo kakang'ono kamunsi pansi pa ubongo, kamatulutsa timadzi tomwe timatchedwa ACTH tomwe timafunikira pakulimbikitsa kotekisi ya adrenal. Matenda am'mimba amatha kubweretsa mavuto ndi ntchito ya adrenal.

Zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mavuto am'magazi a adrenal ndi awa:

• Matenda a Addison, omwe amatchedwanso adrenal insufficiency - matenda omwe amachitika pomwe zopangitsa za adrenal sizipanga mahomoni okwanira
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - vuto momwe adrenal gland ilibe enzyme yofunikira kupanga mahomoni
• Cushing syndrome - vuto lomwe limachitika thupi likakhala ndi mulingo wokwanira wama hormone cortisol
• Matenda a shuga (shuga wambiri wamagazi) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha adrenal gland omwe amapanga cortisol yambiri
• Mankhwala a Glucocorticoid monga prednisone, dexamethasone, ndi ena
• Tsitsi lokwanira kapena losafunika mwa akazi (hirsutism)
• Pendekera kumbuyo kwa mapewa (dorsocervical fat pad)
• Hypoglycemia - shuga wotsika magazi
• Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome) - vuto lomwe adrenal gland imatulutsa mahomoni ambiri a aldosterone
• Kuchuluka kwamatenda am'magazi am'magazi (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - kulephera kwa ma adrenal gland kugwira ntchito chifukwa chakutuluka magazi m'matumbo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda akulu, otchedwa sepsis

• Matenda a Endocrine
• Zilonda za adrenal
• Matenda a adrenal amatsutsa

Friedman TC. Adrenal England. Mu: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, olemba. Andreec ndi Carpenter a Cecil zofunika za mankhwala. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 64.

Mtengo Watsopano wa JDC, Auchus RJ. Kachilombo kotchedwa adrenal cortex. Mu: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 15.

Kuyimirira S. Suprarenal (adrenal) gland. Mu: Kuyimirira S, ed. Gray's Anatomy. Wolemba 41. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 71.