Kumvetsetsa Dyslexia mu Ana

Zamkati

• Kodi Zizindikiro za dyslexia ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa dyslexia?
• Kodi matenda a dyslexia amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi chithandizo cha dyslexia ndi chiani?
• Kodi malingaliro a ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka ndi otani?
• Kutenga

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Dyslexia ndi vuto la kuphunzira lomwe limakhudza momwe anthu amalembera komanso, nthawi zina, chilankhulo. Dyslexia ya ana nthawi zambiri imapangitsa ana kukhala ovuta kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba molimba mtima.

Ofufuzawo akuti dyslexia imatha kukhudza mpaka 15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu pamlingo winawake.

Zomwe dyslexia imachita ayi kuchita ndikuwona momwe munthu angapindulire. Kafukufuku ku United States ndi United Kingdom adapeza kuti ambiri mwa amalonda amafotokoza za matenda a dyslexia.

M'malo mwake, nkhani za anthu ochita bwino omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia zitha kupezeka m'magawo ambiri. Chitsanzo pa nkhaniyi ndi a Maggie Aderin-Pocock, PhD, MBE, wasayansi ya m'mlengalenga, katswiri wa zamakina, wolemba mabuku, komanso amene anaulutsa pulogalamu ya pa wailesi ya BBC “The Sky at Night.”

Ngakhale Dr.Aderin-Pocock adavutika ali mwana ali mwana, adapitiliza kupeza madigiri angapo. Lero, kuphatikiza pakuwonetsa pulogalamu yotchuka ya wailesi ya BBC, adasindikizanso mabuku awiri omwe amafotokozera zakuthambo kwa anthu omwe siosayansi ya mlengalenga.

Kwa ophunzira ambiri, dyslexia mwina singalepheretse maphunziro awo.

Kodi Zizindikiro za dyslexia ndi ziti?

Dyslexia mwa ana amatha kupereka m'njira zingapo. Fufuzani zizindikiro izi ngati muli ndi nkhawa kuti mwana atha kukhala ndi vuto la kusokonezeka:

• Ana a kusukulu amatha kusintha mawu akamanena mawu. Amathanso kukhala ndi vuto ndi nyimbo kapena kutchula mayina ndi kuzindikira zilembo.
• Ana azaka zakusukulu amatha kuwerenga pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi ophunzira ena omwe ali mgululi. Chifukwa kuwerenga ndi kovuta, amatha kupewa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuwerenga.
• Sangamvetse zomwe akuwerenga ndipo atha kukhala ndi zovuta kuyankha mafunso okhudza malembo.
• Atha kukhala ndi vuto lokonza zinthu motsatana.
• Angakhale ovuta kutchula mawu atsopano.
• Muunyamata, achinyamata komanso achikulire atha kupitiliza kupewa zochitika zowerenga.
• Amatha kukhala ndi vuto ndi kalembedwe kapena kuphunzira zilankhulo zakunja.
• Amatha kuchedwa kusanja kapena kufotokozera mwachidule zomwe amawerenga.

Dyslexia imatha kuwoneka yosiyana ndi ana osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi aphunzitsi a mwana popeza kuwerenga kumakhala gawo lalikulu la tsiku la sukulu.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa dyslexia?

Ngakhale ofufuza sanapeze chomwe chimayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana, zikuwoneka kuti pali kusiyana kwamitsempha mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia.

apeza kuti corpus callosum, yomwe ndi gawo laubongo lomwe limalumikiza ma hemispheres awiri, itha kukhala yosiyana pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia. Mbali za kumanzere kwa dziko lapansi zitha kukhala zosiyana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia. Sizikudziwika kuti kusiyana kumeneku kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana, komabe.

Ofufuza apeza majini angapo olumikizidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamaubongo. Izi zawatsogolera kuti aganize kuti mwina pamakhala chibadwa cha matenda a dyslexia.

Zikuwonekeranso kuti zikuyenda m'mabanja. imawonetsa kuti ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa pafupipafupi amakhala ndi makolo omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva. Ndipo zikhalidwe izi zitha kubweretsa kusiyana kwachilengedwe.

Mwachitsanzo, nkutheka kuti makolo ena omwe ali ndi vuto lokhala ndi vuto la kusowa gawo angathe kugawana nawo nthawi zochepa zowerengera ana awo.

Kodi matenda a dyslexia amapezeka bwanji?

Kuti mwana wanu adziwe bwinobwino za matenda opatsirana pogonana, kuyerekezera kwathunthu ndikofunikira. Gawo lalikulu la izi lidzakhala kuwunika kwamaphunziro. Kuwunikiraku kungaphatikizepo kuyesa kwamaso, khutu, ndi mayeso amitsempha. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kuphatikizaponso mafunso okhudza mbiri ya banja la mwana wanu komanso malo owerengera kunyumba.

Anthu omwe ali ndi Disability Education Act (IDEA) amaonetsetsa kuti ana olumala ali ndi mwayi wopeza maphunziro. Popeza kukonzekera ndi kupeza kuwunika kwathunthu kwa vuto la dyslexia nthawi zina kumatha kutenga milungu ingapo kapena kupitilira apo, makolo ndi aphunzitsi atha kusankha kuyambiranso malangizo owerengera asanadziwe zotsatira za mayeso.

Ngati mwana wanu ayankha mwachangu malangizo owonjezera, mwina matendawa si matenda oyenera.

Ngakhale kuwunika kwakukulu kumachitika kusukulu, mungafune kupita ndi mwana wanu kuti akaonane ndi dokotala kuti akambirane za kuwunika kwathunthu ngati sakuwerenga kalasi, kapena ngati muwona zisonyezo zina za matendawa, makamaka ngati muli mbiri yabanja yolemala kowerenga.

Kodi chithandizo cha dyslexia ndi chiani?

Zapezeka kuti malangizo amawu amatha kusintha kwambiri kuwerenga kwa ophunzira omwe ali ndi vuto la kuwerenga.

Kulangizidwa kwamatchulidwe ndikuphatikizira njira zowerengera bwino komanso maphunziro amawu, omwe amaphatikizapo kuphunzira makalata ndi mawu omwe timagwirizana nawo.

Ofufuzawo adati kulowerera kwamawu kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri ngati amaperekedwa ndi akatswiri omwe aphunzitsidwa zovuta pakuwerenga. Kutalika komwe wophunzira amalandila izi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.

Ndinu mnzake wofunikira kwambiri wa mwana wanu ndipo mulipo, ndipo alipo zambiri mungachite kuti mukulitse luso la kuwerenga la mwana wanu ndi kaonedwe ka maphunziro ake. Yale University's Center for Dyslexia & Creativity akuwonetsa kuti:

• Lowererani msanga. Mutangomaliza kuona inu kapena mphunzitsi wa pulayimale, muuzeni mwanayo kuti awunike. Chiyeso chimodzi chodalirika ndi Shaywitz Dyslexia Screen, yopangidwa ndi Pearson.
• Lankhulani ndi mwana wanu. Zitha kukhala zothandiza kwenikweni kuzindikira kuti pali dzina pazomwe zikuchitika. Khalani otsimikiza, kambiranani mayankho ake, ndipo limbikitsani kukambirana kosalekeza. Zitha kuthandiza kudzikumbutsa nokha ndi mwana wanu kuti vuto la dyslexia siligwirizana ndi luntha.
• Werengani mokweza. Ngakhale kuwerenga buku lomwelo mobwerezabwereza kumatha kuthandiza ana kugwirizanitsa zilembo ndi mawu.
• Dzichepetseni nokha. Popeza palibe njira yothetsera vutoli, inu ndi mwana wanu mwina mwakhala mukukumana ndi vutoli kwakanthawi. Sangalalani ndi zochitika zazing'ono komanso kuchita bwino, ndikukhala ndi zosangalatsa zomwe sizingafanane ndi kuwerenga, kuti mwana wanu apambane kwina kulikonse.

Kodi malingaliro a ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka ndi otani?

Ngati mukuwona kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la dyslexia, ndikofunikira kuti awayese msanga momwe angathere. Ngakhale dyslexia imakhalapo kwa moyo wonse, njira zophunzitsira koyambirira zimatha kukulitsa zomwe ana amachita kusukulu. Kulowererapo koyambirira kumathandizanso kupewa nkhawa, kukhumudwa, komanso kudzidalira.

Kutenga

Dyslexia ndi vuto lowerenga pogwiritsa ntchito ubongo. Ngakhale chifukwa chake sichikudziwika bwino, zikuwoneka kuti pali maziko amtundu. Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka amatha kuchedwa kuphunzira kuwerenga. Amatha kusintha mawu, kukhala ndi vuto polumikiza mawu ndi zilembo, kusalongosola bwino mawu, kapena kuvuta kumvetsetsa zomwe amawerenga.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kupwetekedwa mtima, pemphani kuwunika kokwanira msanga. Malangizo oyendetsedwa ndi mamvekedwe operekedwa ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa amatha kusintha momwe angathere, kuchuluka kwake, komanso kuthamanga kwake. Kulowererapo koyambirira kumathandizanso kuti mwana wanu asakhale ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa.