Kodi chifuwa chouma ndi chizindikiro cha HIV?

Zamkati

• Chifuwa chowuma
• Kodi pali zizindikiro zina za HIV?
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamafala bwanji?
• Ndani ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?
• Zomwe mungachite ngati muli ndi HIV
• Momwe mungapewere kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV

Kumvetsetsa HIV

HIV ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Imayang'anitsitsa gawo laling'ono lamagazi oyera omwe amadziwika kuti T cell. Popita nthawi, kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti thupi lizilimbana ndi matenda ndi matenda ena. Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, anthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Za anthu adalandira chithandizo cha HIV mu 2015.

Ngati singachiritsidwe, HIV imatha kupita ku Edzi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti gawo lachitatu la HIV. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sangapitirize kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi gawo lachitatu la HIV, chitetezo cha mthupi chimasokonekera kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti matenda opatsirana komanso khansa atengepo mphamvu ndikuwonjezera thanzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi gawo lachitatu la HIV ndipo samalandira chithandizo chake amakhala ndi moyo zaka zitatu.

Chifuwa chowuma

Ngakhale chifuwa chouma ndichizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kachilombo ka HIV, si chifukwa chokwanira chodera nkhawa. Chifuwa chouma nthawi zina chimatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kutsokomola kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha sinusitis, acid reflux, kapena chifukwa cha mpweya wozizira.

Muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala ngati chifuwa chanu chikupitirira. Amatha kudziwa ngati pali zomwe zimayambitsa. Dokotala wanu adzayesa kwathunthu, komwe kungaphatikizepo X-ray pachifuwa kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake. Ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti muyesedwe.

Kodi pali zizindikiro zina za HIV?

Zizindikiro zina zoyambirira za HIV ndi izi:

• Zizindikiro zonga chimfine, monga malungo opitirira 100.4 ° F (38 ° C), kuzizira, kapena kupweteka kwa minofu
• kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes m'khosi ndi kukhwapa
• nseru
• kuchepa kudya
• totupa pakhosi, nkhope, kapena chifuwa chapamwamba
• zilonda

Anthu ena sangakhale ndi zizindikilo zilizonse kumayambiriro. Ena amatha kukhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena ziwiri.

Pamene kachilomboka kakupitirira, chitetezo cha m'thupi chimafooka. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atha kukhala ndi izi:

• matenda opatsirana yisiti
• thrush yamlomo, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa zigamba zoyera zomwe zimakonda kukhala zowawa komanso magazi
• esophageal thrush, zomwe zingayambitse kuvuta kumeza

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamafala bwanji?

HIV imafalikira kudzera m'madzi amthupi, kuphatikizapo:

• magazi
• mkaka wa m'mawere
• Zamadzimadzi
• madzi amadzimadzi
• madzi asanakwane
• umuna

HIV imafalikira pamene chimodzi mwazi madzi amthupi chimalowa m'mwazi mwanu. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera mu jakisoni mwachindunji, kapena kudzera pakuboola khungu kapena nembanemba. Zilonda zam'mimba zimapezeka potsegula mbolo, nyini, ndi zotuluka.

Anthu amafalitsa kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mwa imodzi mwanjira izi:

• kugonana m'kamwa, kumaliseche, kapena kumatako osatetezedwa ndi kondomu
• kugawana kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito singano mukamabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kulemba mphini
• pa nthawi yapakati, yobereka, kapena yoyamwitsa (ngakhale amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kukhala ndi ana athanzi, omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV mwa kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala asanabadwe)

HIV sikupezeka thukuta, malovu, kapena mkodzo. Simungafalitse kachilomboko kwa winawake pomugwira kapena kumugwira pamtunda yemwe wamukhudza.

Ndani ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV?

HIV imatha kugwira aliyense mosaganizira za iye:

• mtundu
• kugonana
• mpikisano
• zaka
• jenda

Magulu ena ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuposa ena.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• anthu omwe amagonana opanda makondomu
• anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (STI)
• anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira jakisoni
• amuna ogonana ndi amuna

Kukhala mgulu limodzi kapena angapo mwa maguluwa sizitanthauza kuti mutenga HIV. Chiwopsezo chanu chimadalira kwambiri machitidwe anu.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu amangodziwa za kachilombo ka HIV poyesa magazi moyenera. Njira yofala kwambiri ndi njira yolumikizira ma immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kuyesaku kumayeza ma antibodies omwe amapezeka m'magazi anu. Ngati ma antibodies a HIV akupezeka, mutha kuyesanso kachiwiri kuti mutsimikizire zotsatira zake. Kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kumeneku kumatchedwa an. Ngati kuyezetsa kwanu kwachiwiri kutulutsa zotsatira zakuti muli ndi kachilombo, ndiye kuti dokotala wanu adzawona kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Ndikotheka kuyesa kuti mulibe kachilombo ka HIV mutatha kupezeka ndi kachilomboka. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi lanu silimatulutsa ma antibodies atangotenga kachilomboka. Ngati mwatenga kachilomboka, mankhwalawa sadzakhalapo kwa milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi mutapezeka. Nthawi imeneyi nthawi zina amatchedwa "nthawi yazenera." Ngati mulandira zotsatira zoyipa ndikuganiza kuti mwapezeka ndi kachilomboka, muyenera kuyesedwanso milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi.

Zomwe mungachite ngati muli ndi HIV

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, muli ndi njira zingapo. Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikachiritsika pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri imatha kuwongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Mukamamwa moyenera, mankhwalawa amatha kusintha moyo wanu ndikupewa kuyambika kwa gawo lachitatu la HIV.

Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mankhwala anu, ndikofunikira kuyankhula ndi dokotala pafupipafupi, ndikuwadziwitsani za kusintha kulikonse pazizindikiro zanu. Muyeneranso kuuza anzanu omwe munagonana nawo kale kuti muli ndi HIV.

Momwe mungapewere kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV

Nthawi zambiri anthu amafalitsa kachilombo ka HIV pogonana. Ngati mukugonana, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo kapena kufalitsa kachilomboka pochita izi:

• Dziwani zaumoyo wanu. Ngati mukugonana, kayezetseni pafupipafupi ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.
• Dziwani momwe HIV ilili kwa mnzanu. Lankhulani ndi anzanu omwe mumagonana nawo zaumoyo wawo musanachite zogonana.
• Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu moyenera nthawi zonse mukamagonana mkamwa, kumaliseche, kapena kumatako kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo.
• Talingalirani zochepa zogonana. Ngati muli ndi zibwenzi zingapo zogonana, mumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Izi zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.
• Tengani pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP imabwera ngati mapiritsi a ma antiretroviral tsiku lililonse. Aliyense amene ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa, malinga ndi malingaliro ochokera ku US Preventive Services Task Force.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mutha kufunsa adotolo anu kuti atumizidwe pambuyo povulala (PEP). Mankhwalawa amachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka mutatha kuwonekera.Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito pasanathe maola 72 mutatha kuwonekera.