Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya mankhwala
• Zolimbikitsa
• Opioids
• Ma hallucinogens
• Oponderezedwa kapena opatsirana
• Kuzindikira zizindikiro zakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Zolimbikitsa
• Opioids
• Ma hallucinogens
• Njira zothandizira
• Pulogalamu yothandizira odwala
• Pulogalamu yothandizira odwala kuchipatala
• Mapulogalamu 12
• Psychotherapy kapena chithandizo chamaganizidwe
• Mankhwala
• Zothandizira
• Ziyembekezero ndi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali

Chidule

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi omwe saloledwa kupanga, kugulitsa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Zikuphatikizapo:

• cocaine
• amphetamines
• heroin
• hallucinogens

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri amakhala osokoneza bongo ndipo amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumayambira ngati kuyesa kapena chifukwa cha chidwi. Nthawi zina, zimatha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka omwe amapatsidwa kuti muchiritse matenda kapena kuvulala.

Popita nthawi, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kukhala wolumikizidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwalawa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zambiri akhale ndi zotsatira zomwezo. Popanda thandizo, munthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amaika thanzi lake pangozi.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuledzera si kufooka kapena kusankha. Malinga ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), kuledzera ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amapangitsa anthu kufunafuna mphotho kapena mpumulo kudzera muzinthu zina kapena machitidwe ena.

Mitundu ya mankhwala

Zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimadalira mtundu wa mankhwalawo. Mankhwala amagawidwa m'magulu potengera zotsatira zake:

Zolimbikitsa

Zolimbikitsa zimaphatikizapo cocaine kapena methamphetamines. Zimayambitsa kusakhazikika ndipo zimawonjezera kugunda kwa mtima komanso zochitika muubongo.

Opioids

Opioids ndi mankhwala opha ululu omwe amakhudzanso mankhwala muubongo omwe amawongolera kusintha kwamaganizidwe. Amathanso kukhumudwitsa kapena kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mitsempha yapakatikati ndikusokoneza kupuma.

Ma hallucinogens

Chamba, psilocybin bowa, ndi LSD zonse zimawoneka ngati ma hallucinogens. Amasintha malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito danga, nthawi, komanso zenizeni.

Oponderezedwa kapena opatsirana

Mankhwalawa samakhala osavomerezeka nthawi zonse. Koma anthu amatha kumwa mankhwala amtundu uliwonse. Ngati mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zomwe sanapatsidwe ndi munthu amene amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, atha kumabera kuti apitirize kupezeka.

Kuzindikira zizindikiro zakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Anthu ena omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kusakaniza zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana. Akhozanso kusinthana pakati pa kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Koma ngakhale atamwa bwanji mankhwalawa, pali zina zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kuti ndi osokoneza bongo:

• kusintha kwakukulu, kwachilendo, kapena mwadzidzidzi pamphamvu yamagetsi
• nkhanza kapena kusinthasintha mtima
• kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi kupeza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kusiya kucheza ndi abwenzi komanso abale
• ubwenzi watsopano ndi anthu ena
• kupita kumisonkhano komwe mankhwalawa adzakhalapo
• Matenda osatha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mosasamala kanthu za kuwopsa kwakuthupi
• khalidwe lomwe limaphwanya chikhalidwe cha munthu kapena zomwe amafuna kuti apeze mankhwalawa
• Zotsatira zalamulo kapena akatswiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga kumangidwa kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito

Palinso zisonyezo zenizeni zomwe zimakhudzana ndimitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zolimbikitsa

Zizindikiro zakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimaphatikizapo:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kutentha kwa thupi
• kuonda
• matenda okhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• matenda akhungu kapena zilonda zam'mimba
• kusowa tulo
• kukhumudwa
• ophunzira osasintha nthawi zonse

Opioids

Kuledzera kwa opioid kumatha kuyambitsa:

• kufooka kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi kudzera m'thupi
• Matendawa amadutsa m'magazi
• nkhani za m'mimba
• kuvuta kupuma

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga heroin amakupangitsani kugona, choncho ozunza anzawo angawoneke ngati atopa kwambiri. Komanso, wogwiritsa ntchito akapanda mankhwala okwanira, amatha:

• kuzizira
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kusanza

Ma hallucinogens

Kuzunza kwa hallucinogen kumakhala kofala kwambiri kuposa kusuta kwa hallucinogen. Zizindikiro za nkhanza zitha kukhala:

• ana otayirira
• mayendedwe osagwirizana
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• chizungulire
• kusanza

Nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhalanso ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha kapena achiwawa.

Njira zothandizira

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo osokoneza bongo atha kuphatikizira kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala kenako chithandizo chamankhwala. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu amene amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo asiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikukhala oledzera popanda thandizo la akatswiri.

Njira zochotsera zitha kukhala zowopsa komanso zowononga thanzi la wogwiritsa ntchito. Anthu ambiri amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala kwa milungu ingapo yoyambirira yodziletsa kuti athe kumetetsa poizoni. Njira zingapo zotsatirazi zitha kukhala zofunikira:

Pulogalamu yothandizira odwala

Dongosolo la odwala matenda opatsirana nthawi zambiri limakhala poyambira bwino kwambiri kwa munthu amene amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Madokotala, manesi, ndi othandizira amayang'anira munthuyo kuti atsimikizire kuti ali bwino.

Poyambirira, munthuyo amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo zolakwika monga momwe thupi lawo limasinthira kuti asakhale ndi mankhwalawa.

Pambuyo pochoka kuthupi, amatha kuganizira zokhala oyera m'malo otetezeka. Kutalika kwamapulogalamu odwala akudwala kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Zimatengera malo, momwe zinthu ziliri, komanso kupezeka kwa inshuwaransi.

Pulogalamu yothandizira odwala kuchipatala

Pulogalamu ya kuchipatala anthu amapita kukalasi ndi uphungu kumalo. Koma amapitilizabe kukhala kunyumba ndikupita kuzinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku monga ntchito.

Mapulogalamu 12

Mapulogalamu ngati Narcotic Anonymous (NA) ndi Drug Addiction Anonymous (DAA) amatsata njira yomweyo yochotsera monga Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Mapulogalamuwa amakhazikika pamakhalidwe omwe amadziwika kuti magawo 12. Munthu amakumana ndi vuto lawo ndipo amaphunzira kukhala ndi machitidwe ena atsopano. Mapulogalamuwa amakhalanso ngati magulu othandizira anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo.

Psychotherapy kapena chithandizo chamaganizidwe

Munthu amene ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo atha kupindula ndi chithandizo chake. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri kumakhudza zovuta zam'mutu zomwe zimafunika kuthandizidwa kuti musinthe njira zodziwonera.

Komanso, wothandizira amatha kuthandiza wina yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo kuthana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakuchira. Munthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa amatha kuthana ndi vuto la kukhumudwa, kudziimba mlandu komanso manyazi.

Mankhwala

Nthawi zina, mankhwala amafunikira kuti athetse zilakolako kapena zokhumba. Methadone ndi mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandiza ma heroin omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komanso, buprenorphine-naloxone amapezeka kuti athandize anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi za opiate kuthana ndi zikhumbo.

Nthawi zina anthu amadzipangira mankhwala. Amatembenukira ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti athane ndi zovuta zamatenda amisala. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amatha kuthandizira kuchira.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amatha kusintha mankhwala amubongo. Izi zitha kusokoneza kapena kuvumbula zomwe zidalipo kale zamatenda amisala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akasiya, matendawa amatha kusamalidwa ndi mankhwala oyenera.

Zothandizira

Pali mabungwe ena omwe amathandizira pakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika (NA)
• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika (DAA)
• National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo
• MankhwalaDr.org
• National Council on Alcoholism and Dependence (NCADD)

Anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi munthu amene ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa zawo pomwe wokondedwa wawo amamwa kapena amachira. Mapulogalamu ngati Al-Anon atha kuthandiza mabanja ndi abwenzi a munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo kupeza chithandizo.

Ziyembekezero ndi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuchiritsidwa. Koma itha kukhala njira yovuta, mwakuthupi komanso mwamalingaliro. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amati "samachiritsidwa." Amaphunzira kupirira matenda awo.

Kubwereranso kumatha kuchitika koma ndikofunikira kuti munthu amene akufuna chithandizo abwerere m'mbuyo ndikupitiliza kulandira chithandizo.

Ndikofunikanso kukhazikitsa njira yothandizira yolimba yomwe imaphatikizaponso anthu oganiza bwino kuti athandizire kuchira kwanthawi yayitali.