Gawo 1 Khansa Yam'mapapo: Zomwe Muyenera Kuyembekezera

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Kusamalira zizindikiro
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zamankhwala zomwe zingapezeke?
• Ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono
• Ngati muli ndi khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?
• Kodi zikuchitika mobwerezabwereza?
• Kodi ndingasankhe chiyani pothana ndi kuthandizidwa?

Momwe masitepe amagwiritsidwira ntchito

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'mapapu. Magawo a khansa amapereka chidziwitso cha kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati chafalikira kumadera akutali kapena akutali a thupi. Kuyika masitepe kumathandiza dokotala kudziwa mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Ndipo zimakuthandizani kupeza chogwirira pazomwe mukukumana nazo.

Ndondomeko ya TNM imathandizira kugawa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za khansa motere:

• T imafotokoza kukula ndi mbali zina za chotupacho.
• N imasonyeza ngati khansa yafika ku ma lymph node.
• M imanena ngati khansa yasintha mbali zina za thupi.

Magulu a TNM akangopatsidwa, gawo lonse limatha kutsimikizika. Khansa yamapapo idakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 0 mpaka 4. Gawo 1 ligawidwanso 1A ndi 1B.

Ngati gawo lanu la TNM ndi:

T1a, N0, M0: Chotupa chanu chachikulu ndi 2 cm (cm) kapena ochepera (T1a). Palibe chotengera cha lymph node (N0) ndipo palibe metastasis (M0). Muli ndi siteji 1A khansa ya m'mapapo.

T1b, N0, M0: Chotupa chanu chachikulu chili pakati pa 2 ndi 3 cm (T1b). Palibe chotengera cha lymph node (N0) ndipo palibe metastasis (M0). Muli ndi siteji 1A khansa ya m'mapapo.

Kufotokozera: T2a, N0, M0: Chotupa chanu chachikulu chili pakati pa 3 ndi 5 cm.Zitha kukhala zikukula mumsewu waukulu (bronchus) wamapapu anu kapena nembanemba yomwe imakwirira mapapo (visceral pleura). Khansa ikhoza kulepheretsa pang'ono kuyenda kwanu (T2a). Palibe chotengera cha lymph node (N0) ndipo palibe metastasis (M0). Muli ndi siteji 1B khansa ya m'mapapo.

Khansara yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (SCLC) imachitika mosiyana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono (NSCLC), pogwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri awa:

• Gawo lochepa: Khansa imapezeka mbali imodzi yokha ya chifuwa chanu.
• Gawo lalikulu: Khansa yafalikira m'mapapu anu, mbali zonse ziwiri za chifuwa chanu, kapena malo akutali kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Gawo 1 khansa yamapapu nthawi zambiri siyimayambitsa zizindikiro, koma mutha kuwona:

• kupuma movutikira
• ukali
• kukhosomola

Khansa yam'mapapo yamtsogolo imatha kubweretsa kutsokomola magazi, kupuma, ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, koma izi sizimachitika mgulu loyamba.

Chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zoyambirira ndizofatsa komanso zosavuta kuzinyalanyaza, ndikofunikira kukawona dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi nkhawa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati mumasuta kapena muli ndi ziwopsezo zina za khansa yamapapu.

Kusamalira zizindikiro

Kuphatikiza pa kuchiza khansa yam'mapapo, dokotala wanu amatha kuthana ndi zizindikilo zake. Pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana othandiza kupewa kutsokomola.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite nokha mukakhala ndi mpweya wochepa:

• Sinthani mawonekedwe anu. Kupendekera patsogolo kumapangitsa kupuma mosavuta.
• Yambirani kupuma kwanu. Ganizirani za minofu yomwe imawongolera zakulera zanu. Sulani milomo yanu ndikupuma mwamphamvu.
• Yesetsani kusinkhasinkha. Kuda nkhawa kumatha kuwonjezera vuto, chifukwa chake sankhani zosangalatsa monga kumvera nyimbo zomwe mumakonda kapena kusinkhasinkha kuti mukhale odekha.
• Pumulani pang'ono. Ngati mungayesere kudutsa, mudzadzipanikiza nokha ndikupangitsa zinthu kuipiraipira. Sungani mphamvu pazinthu zofunika kwambiri, kapena funsani wina kuti alowemo ngati zingatheke.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zamankhwala zomwe zingapezeke?

Chithandizo chanu chimadalira pazinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

• khansa yamapapu yamtundu wanji yomwe muli nayo
• zomwe kusintha kwa majini kumakhudzidwa
• thanzi lanu, kuphatikizapo matenda ena
• zaka zanu

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono

Muyenera kuti muchite opaleshoni kuti muchotse khansa yam'mapapu anu. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kungaphatikizepo kuchotsa ma lymph node apafupi kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa. Ndizotheka kuti simudzafunika chithandizo china chilichonse.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu choti musabwererenso, dokotala akhoza kukulangizani chemotherapy mukatha opaleshoni. Chemotherapy imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu omwe amatha kuwononga maselo a khansa pafupi ndi malo opangira opaleshoni kapena omwe atha kukhala opanda chotupa choyambirira. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha mkati mwa masabata atatu kapena anayi.

Ngati thupi lanu silimalimba mokwanira kupirira opareshoni, mankhwala a radiation kapena kuchotsera ma radiofrequency atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chanu choyambirira.

Mankhwala a radiation amagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kupha ma cell a khansa. Ndi njira yopweteka yomwe nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa masiku asanu pa sabata kwa milungu ingapo.

Kuchotsa ma Radiofrequency kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu zamagetsi kutentha chotupacho. Kutsogozedwa ndi zojambula m'mafano, kafukufuku wocheperako amalowetsedwa kudzera pakhungu ndikutupa. Itha kuchitidwa pansi pa oesthesia wamba ngati njira yopita kuchipatala.

Mankhwala a radiation amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo chachiwiri chowononga ma cell a khansa omwe mwina adasiyidwa atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Njira zochiritsira zochiritsira zomwe zimayikidwa ndi ma immunotherapies nthawi zambiri zimasungidwira khansa yam'mapapo yamtsogolo kapena yabwereza.

Ngati muli ndi khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo

Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chemotherapy ndi radiation radiation. Kuchita opaleshoni kungathenso kukhala kotheka panthawiyi.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda owopsa. Mukamaliza ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, zimatenga nthawi kuti mupezenso bwino. Ndipo mufunikirabe kupimidwa pafupipafupi ndi kuyesa kutsata kuti mupeze umboni wobwereza.

Khansara yam'mapapo yam'mbuyomu imawoneka bwino kuposa khansa yamapapo yam'mbuyo. Koma malingaliro anu payekha amatengera zinthu zambiri, monga:

• mtundu wina wa khansa yamapapu, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudzidwa
• kaya muli ndi zovuta zina zathanzi
• chithandizo chomwe mungasankhe komanso momwe mumayankhira

Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa gawo 1A NSCLC ndi pafupifupi 49 peresenti. Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu zapakati pa gawo 1B NSCLC pafupifupi 45%. Ziwerengerozi ndizotengera anthu omwe adapezeka pakati pa 1998 ndi 2000 ndipo akuphatikiza anthu omwe adamwalira pazifukwa zina.

Zaka zapakati pazaka zisanu zopulumuka za anthu omwe ali ndi gawo 1 SCLC pafupifupi 31%. Chiwerengerochi chimachokera kwa anthu omwe adapezeka pakati pa 1988 ndi 2001.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ziwerengerozi sizinasinthidwe kuti ziwonetse anthu omwe apezeka posachedwa. Kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe onse.

Tidayang'ana anthu opitilira 2,000 omwe adapezeka ndi khansa yamapapo kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2005. Mpaka 70 peresenti ya omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni ya gawo 1A anali amoyo patatha zaka zisanu. Pa gawo 1, mwayi wakufa mchaka choyamba atapezeka ndi 2.7 peresenti.

Kodi zikuchitika mobwerezabwereza?

Kubwerezabwereza ndi khansa yomwe imabweranso mutalandira mankhwala ndikuwoneka kuti mulibe khansa.

Mmodzi, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ya 1A kapena 1B adayambiranso. Mu khansa ya m'mapapo, metastasis yakutali imatha kuposa kubwereza kwanuko.

Dokotala wanu adzakulemberani mayeso oyeserera mukamaliza mankhwala. Kuphatikiza pakuwunika kwakuthupi, mungafunike kuyesa kuyerekezera kwakanthawi ndi mayeso a magazi kuti muwone kusintha kulikonse.

Muyeneranso kukaonana ndi dokotala ngati mukukumana ndi izi:

• chifuwa chatsopano kapena chowonjezeka
• kutsokomola magazi
• ukali
• kupuma movutikira
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• kupuma
• kuonda kosadziwika

Zizindikiro zina zimadalira komwe khansara yabwereranso. Mwachitsanzo, kupweteka kwa mafupa kumatha kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa khansa m'mafupa anu. Mutu watsopano ungatanthauze kuti khansa yabwereranso muubongo.

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zachilendo, uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndingasankhe chiyani pothana ndi kuthandizidwa?

Mungapeze kuti mumatha kupirira bwino ngati mutenga nawo gawo posamalira nokha. Gwirizanani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo dziwani zambiri. Funsani za cholinga cha mankhwalawa, komanso zotsatirapo zake zomwe zingachitike komanso momwe mungazithetsere. Dziwani bwino zomwe mukufuna.

Simuyenera kuthana ndi khansa yamapapo yokha. Achibale anu komanso anzanu mwina amafuna kukuthandizani koma simudziwa nthawi zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatha kunena mawu ngati "ndidziwitseni ngati mukufuna chilichonse." Chifukwa chake awatengereni pazofunsazo ndi pempho linalake. Izi zitha kukhala chilichonse kuyambira ndikupita nanu nthawi yokumana kukaphika chakudya.

Ndipo, zachidziwikire, musazengereze kupeza thandizo lina kuchokera kwa ogwira nawo ntchito, othandizira, atsogoleri achipembedzo, kapena magulu othandizira. Dokotala wanu wa oncologist kapena malo azachipatala atha kukutumizirani kuzinthu m'dera lanu.

Kuti mumve zambiri za chithandizo cha khansa yamapapo ndi zothandizira, pitani ku:

• American Cancer Society
• Mgwirizano wa Khansa Yam'mapapo
• LungCancer.org