Pafupi kumira

"Pafupi kumira" kumatanthauza munthu amene watsala pang'ono kufa chifukwa cholephera kupuma (kutsamwa) m'madzi.

Ngati munthu wapulumutsidwa kuchokera kumadzi atatsala pang'ono kumira, chithandizo choyamba choyamba ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndizofunikira kwambiri.

• Anthu zikwizikwi amamira chaka chilichonse ku United States. Nthawi zambiri kumira kumachitika patali pang'ono. Kuchita mwachangu ndi thandizo loyamba kungateteze imfa.
• Munthu amene akumira nthawi zambiri sangathe kufuula kuti athandizidwe. Chenjerani ndi zizindikiro zakumira.
• Ambiri akumira m'madzi kwa ana ochepera chaka chimodzi amapezeka m'bafa.
• Zitha kuthekanso kutsitsimutsa munthu amene akumira, ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi, makamaka ngati munthuyo ndi wachichepere ndipo anali m'madzi ozizira kwambiri.
• Ganizirani ngozi mukawona wina m'madzi atavala bwino. Yang'anirani zochitika zosasiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi chizindikiro choti wosambira wayamba kutopa. Nthawi zambiri, thupi limamira, ndipo mutu wokha umawonekera pamwamba pamadzi.

• Anayesa kudzipha
• Kuyesera kusambira patali kwambiri
• Zovuta zamakhalidwe / chitukuko
• Kuphulika kumutu kapena khunyu mukamadzi
• Kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo mukakwera bwato kapena kusambira
• Matenda amtima kapena mavuto ena amtima akusambira kapena kusamba
• Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito jekete za moyo (zida za anthu)
• Kugwa kudzera mu ayezi woonda
• Kulephera kusambira kapena kuchita mantha posambira
• Kusiya ana aang'ono osasamalidwa mozungulira malo osambira kapena maiwe
• Makhalidwe oika pachiwopsezo
• Kusambira m'madzi akuya kwambiri, ovuta, kapena ovuta

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana, koma zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kutsegula m'mimba (kutupa kwa m'mimba)
• Khungu lakumaso lamaso, makamaka mozungulira milomo
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Khungu lozizira komanso mawonekedwe otumbululuka
• Kusokonezeka
• Cough ndi pinki, frothy sputum
• Kukwiya
• Kukonda
• Palibe kupuma
• Kusakhazikika
• Kupuma pang'ono kapena kupuma
• Kusadziŵa (kusayankha)
• Kusanza

Munthu akamira m'madzi:

• Musadziike pachiwopsezo.
• Musalowe m'madzi kapena kupita pa ayezi pokhapokha mutakhala otsimikiza kuti ndi otetezeka.
• Wonjezerani mzati kapena nthambi yayitali kwa munthuyo kapena gwiritsani ntchito chingwe choponyera chophatikizika ndi chinthu chowotcha, monga mphete ya moyo kapena jekete yamoyo. Ponyani kwa munthuyo, kenako mukokereni kumtunda.
• Ngati mwaphunzitsidwa kupulumutsa anthu, chitani izi nthawi yomweyo pokhapokha mutakhala otsimikiza kuti sizingakuvulazeni.
• Kumbukirani kuti anthu omwe agwa mu ayezi sangathe kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe angathe kufikira kapena kugwiritsitsa pamene akukokera kumalo otetezeka.

Ngati kupuma kwa munthuyo kwaima, yambani kupulumutsa kupuma msanga momwe mungathere. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuyambitsa njira yopumira populumutsa pomwe wopulumutsayo atangofika ku chida chowongolera monga bwato, raft, kapena surf board, kapena kufika kumadzi komwe sikungayime bwino.

Pitirizani kupumira kwa munthuyo masekondi angapo aliwonse mukuwasunthira kumtunda. Mukakhala pamtunda, perekani CPR pakufunika. Munthu amafunikira CPR ngati wakomoka ndipo simungamve kugunda.

Samalani nthawi zonse mukamayendetsa munthu amene akumira. Kuvulala kwaminyewa siachilendo kwa anthu omwe amapulumuka pafupi ndi kumira pokhapokha atagundidwa pamutu kapena kuwonetsa zina zovulala, monga kutuluka magazi ndi mabala. Kuvulala kwa khosi ndi msana kumatha kuchitika munthu atalowa m'madzi osaya kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, malangizo a American Heart Association amalimbikitsa kuti muchepetse msana pokhapokha ngati atavulala pamutu. Kuchita izi kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kupulumutsa wopwetekayo. Komabe, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti mutu ndi khosi za munthuyo zizikhala zolimba komanso zogwirizana ndi thupi momwe mungathere populumutsa m'madzi ndi CPR. Mutha kujambula mutu kubokosi lakumbuyo kapena kutambasula, kapena kuteteza khosi poyika matawulo okugubuduza kapena zinthu zina mozungulira.

Tsatirani izi:

• Perekani chithandizo choyamba povulala kulikonse.
• Khalani wodekha komanso wodekha. Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
• Chotsani chovala chilichonse chozizira, chonyowa kwa munthuyo ndikuphimba ndi china chotentha, ngati zingatheke. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa hypothermia.
• Munthuyo amatha kutsokomola ndikuvutika kupuma kamodzi kupuma kukayambiranso. Mutsimikizireni munthuyo mpaka mutalandira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Malangizo ofunikira pachitetezo:

• MUSAYESE kudzipulumutsa nokha pokhapokha mutaphunzitsidwa kupulumutsa madzi, ndipo mutha kutero osadziika pangozi.
• MUSAMAPITE m'madzi akuba okhwima kapena owinduka omwe angakuwonongeni.
• Osapita pa ayezi kukapulumutsa wina.
• Ngati mungathe kufikira munthuyo ndi mkono wanu kapena chinthu chowonjezera, chitani choncho.

Kuyendetsa kwa Heimlich SIYO gawo lazopulumutsa pafupipafupi kumira m'madzi. MUSAMAGWIRITSE kayendetsedwe ka Heimlich pokhapokha ngati kuyesayesa mobwerezabwereza kuyika njira yopumira ndi kupulumutsa kulephera kwalephera, ndipo mukuganiza kuti njira yomwe munthuyo akuyenda yatsekedwa. Kuchita zoyendetsa Heimlich kumawonjezera mwayi woti munthu wopanda chidziwitso adzasanza kenako ndikutsamwa masanzi ake.

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati simungathe kupulumutsa munthu amene akumira popanda kudziyika nokha pangozi. Ngati mwaphunzitsidwa ndipo mutha kupulumutsa munthuyo, chitani, koma nthawi zonse muziyitanitsa chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Anthu onse omwe akumanapo ndi vuto lakumira m'madzi ayenera kufufuzidwa ndi othandizira azaumoyo. Ngakhale munthuyo atha kuwoneka bwino pomwepo, zovuta zamapapo ndizofala. Kusamvana kwamadzimadzi ndi thupi (electrolyte) kumatha kukula. Zovulala zina zowopsa zitha kukhalapo, ndipo nyimbo zosasinthasintha zimatha kuchitika.

Anthu onse omwe akumana ndi kumira pafupi omwe akufuna njira iliyonse yobwezeretsanso, kuphatikiza kupulumutsa kupuma okha, ayenera kupita nawo kuchipatala kukayesedwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ngakhale munthuyo atakhala wowoneka bwino ndikupuma bwino komanso mwamphamvu.

Malangizo ena othandiza kupewa pafupi ndi kumira ndi awa:

• Musamwe mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mukamasambira kapena mukakwera bwato. Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala ena akuchipatala.
• Kumira kumatha kupezeka pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi. Osasiya madzi aliwonse oyimirira m'mabeseni, zidebe, zifuwa za ayezi, maiwe aana, kapena malo osambira, kapena m'malo ena omwe mwana angalowe m'madzi.
• Zitsekera zampando zotetezera chimbudzi ndi chida chotetezera ana.
• Muzinga mozungulira maiwe ndi ma spa onse. Tetezani zitseko zonse zakunja, ndikukhazikitsa ma alarm ndi zitseko.
• Ngati mwana wanu akusowa, yang'anani dziwe nthawi yomweyo.
• Musalole ana kusambira okha kapena osayang'aniridwa mosasamala kanthu kuti amatha kusambira.
• Osasiya ana okha kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kuwalola kuti achoke pamayendedwe anu padziwe lililonse kapena madzi. Kumira kwachitika pomwe makolo adachoka "kwa mphindi imodzi" kukayankha foni kapena chitseko.
• Tsatirani malamulo oteteza madzi.
• Tengani njira yotetezera madzi.

Kumira - pafupi

• Kupulumutsa kumira, kuponya assist
• Kumiza kupulumutsa pa ayezi, board assist
• Kupulumutsa kumira, kufikira thandizo
• Kupulumutsa kumira, kuthandiza board
• Kumiza kupulumutsa pa ayezi, unyolo waumunthu

Hargarten SW, Frazer T. Kuvulala ndi kupewa kuvulala. Mu: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, olemba. Mankhwala Oyendera. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 50.

Richards DB. Kumira. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2018: mutu 137.

Thomas AA, Caglar D. Kuvulala m'madzi ndi kumiza. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 91.

Vanden Hoek TL, Morrison LJ, Shuster M, ndi al. Gawo 12: kumangidwa kwamtima pamikhalidwe yapadera: Malangizo a 2010 American Heart Association a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ndi Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Kuzungulira. 2010; 122 (18 Suppl 3): S829-861. PMID: 20956228 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20956228.