Matenda amtima

Matenda amtima ambiri amayamba chifukwa chamagazi omwe amatseka mitsempha imodzi. Mitsempha ya mitima imabweretsa magazi ndi mpweya pamtima. Kutuluka kwa magazi kutatsekedwa, mtima umafa ndi mpweya wa oxygen ndipo maselo amtima amafa.

Mawu azachipatala a izi ndi infarction ya myocardial.

Chinthu chotchedwa plaque chimatha kukhazikika m'makoma amitsempha yanu yamitsempha. Chikwangwani ichi chimapangidwa ndi cholesterol ndi maselo ena.

Matenda a mtima amatha:

• Kusokonezeka kwa chikwangwani kumachitika. Izi zimayambitsa ma plateleti amwazi ndi zinthu zina kuti apange magazi m'masamba omwe amaletsa ambiri kapena magazi onse onyamula mpweya kuti asamayendere kupita ku gawo la minofu ya mtima. Ichi ndiye chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a mtima.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima sizodziwika nthawi zonse, koma pali zifukwa zodziwika bwino zoopsa.

Matenda a mtima akhoza kuchitika:

• Mukamapuma kapena kugona
• Pambuyo mwadzidzidzi kuwonjezeka zolimbitsa thupi
• Mukamagwira ntchito panja nthawi yozizira
• Pambuyo podzidzimutsa, kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe kapena thupi, kuphatikiza matenda

Zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo zimatha kubweretsa kupangika kwa zolembera ndi matenda amtima.

Matenda a mtima ndiwadzidzidzi kuchipatala. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, itanani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo.

• MUSAYESE kuyendetsa nokha kuchipatala.
• MUSADikire. Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chofa mwadzidzidzi m'mawa kwambiri matenda amtima.

Kupweteka pachifuwa ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha matenda amtima.

• Mutha kumva kupweteka gawo limodzi lokha la thupi lanu OR
• Ululu umatha kuchoka pachifuwa kupita m'manja, paphewa, m'khosi, mano, nsagwada, m'mimba, kapena kumbuyo

Ululu ukhoza kukhala wovuta kapena wofatsa. Zitha kumveka ngati:

• Gulu lolimba pachifuwa
• Kudziletsa koyipa
• China chake cholemera chokhala pachifuwa pako
• Kufinya kapena kupanikizika

Ululuwu umakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa mphindi 20. Kupuma ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mitsempha yamagazi (yotchedwa nitroglycerin) sikungathetseretu kupwetekedwa mtima. Zizindikiro zimatha kutha ndikubwerera.

Zizindikiro zina za matenda a mtima ndi monga:

• Nkhawa
• Tsokomola
• Kukomoka
• Kupepuka, chizungulire
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kupindika (kumverera ngati mtima wako ukugunda mofulumira kwambiri kapena mosasintha)
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kukhetsa thukuta, komwe kumatha kukhala kolemetsa kwambiri

Anthu ena (kuphatikiza achikulire, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, komanso azimayi) amatha kukhala ndi ululu pachifuwa pang'ono kapena ayi. Kapenanso, amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo monga kupuma movutikira, kutopa, ndi kufooka. "Kudwala kwa mtima" ndi matenda amtima opanda zisonyezo zomwe zingayambenso.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikumvetsera pachifuwa chanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope.

• Wothandizirayo akhoza kumva mawu osazolowereka m'mapapu anu (otchedwa mabala), kung'ung'uza mtima, kapena mawu ena achilendo.
• Mutha kukhala ndi kutentha kwachangu kapena kosafanana.
• Kuthamanga kwanu kwamagazi kumatha kukhala kwachilendo, kukwera, kapena kutsika.

Mudzakhala ndi electrocardiogram (ECG) yoyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa mtima. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwina pa ECG kumawonetsa kuti mukudwala matenda amtima, ngakhale matenda amtima amathanso kuchitika popanda ECG.

Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuwonetsa ngati mukuwonongeka ndi minofu ya mtima. Kuyesaku kungatsimikizire kuti mukudwala matenda a mtima. Mayesowa amabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza pakapita nthawi.

Coronary angiography itha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo kapena pambuyo pake pakudwala.

• Mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera ndi ma x-ray kuti muwone m'mene magazi amayendera mumtima mwanu.
• Ikhoza kuthandiza dokotala kusankha chithandizo chomwe mungafune.

Mayesero ena oti ayang'ane mtima wanu omwe atha kuchitika mukakhala mchipatala:

• Zojambula zojambulajambula ndi kapena poyesa kupanikizika
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kuyesa kwa kupsinjika kwa nyukiliya
• Kujambula mtima kwa CT kapena mtima wa MRI

CHITHANDIZO CHOKHUMUDWITSA

• Mudzagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwunika kwa mtima, kotero gulu lazachipatala limatha kuwona momwe mtima wanu ukugunda.
• Mukalandira oxygen.
• Mzere wolowa mkati (IV) udzaikidwa mu umodzi mwamitsempha yanu. Mankhwala ndi madzi amadutsa mu IV iyi.
• Mutha kupeza nitroglycerin ndi morphine kuti muchepetse kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Mutha kulandira aspirin, pokhapokha ngati sizingakhale zotetezeka kwa inu. Zikatero, mupatsidwa mankhwala ena omwe amaletsa kuundana kwamagazi.
• Kugunda kwamtima koopsa (arrhythmias) kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena magetsi.

MALANGIZO A Zadzidzidzi

Angioplasty ndi njira yotsegulira mitsempha yamagazi yopapatiza kapena yotseka yomwe imapereka magazi pamtima.

• Angioplasty nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yoyamba yosankhira chithandizo. Ziyenera kuchitika mkati mwa mphindi 90 mutafika kuchipatala, ndipo nthawi zambiri musanadutse maola 12 mutadwala mtima.
• Stent ndi chubu chaching'ono chachitsulo chomwe chimatseguka (chimafutukuka) mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi. Nthawi zambiri stent imayikidwa pambuyo pa kapena angioplasty. Zimathandiza kuti mitsempha isatsekenso.

Mutha kupatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimatchedwa mankhwala a thrombolytic. Ndibwino ngati mankhwalawa amapatsidwa atangoyamba kumene, nthawi zambiri osadutsa maola 12 pambuyo pake ndikufika kuchipatala mphindi 30.

Anthu ena amathanso kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti atsegule mitsempha yamagazi yochepetsetsa kapena yotseka yomwe imapereka magazi pamtima. Njirayi imadziwikanso kuti mitsempha yodutsa mitsempha yodutsa kulumikizidwa ndi / kapena opaleshoni ya mtima yotseguka.

CHITHANDIZO PAKUTSOGOLERA MTIMA

Pakatha masiku angapo, mudzatulutsidwa mchipatala.

Muyenera kuti mudzamwe mankhwala, ena kwa moyo wanu wonse. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani musanayime kapena kusintha momwe mumamwa mankhwala aliwonse. Kuyimitsa mankhwala ena kumatha kukhala koopsa.

Mukamayang'aniridwa ndi gulu lanu lazachipatala, muphunzira:

• Momwe mungamwe mankhwala kuti muchepetse vuto lanu la mtima ndikupewa kugunda kwamtima
• Momwe mungadye chakudya chopatsa thanzi
• Momwe mungachitire masewera olimbitsa thupi mosatekeseka
• Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukakhala ndi ululu pachifuwa
• Momwe mungalekere kusuta

Maganizo amphamvu amapezeka ponseponse pambuyo pa matenda a mtima.

• Mutha kumva chisoni
• Mutha kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kuda nkhawa kuti musamale pazonse zomwe mumachita

Malingaliro onsewa ndi abwinobwino. Amachoka kwa anthu ambiri pakatha masabata awiri kapena atatu.

Muthanso kumva kutopa mukamachoka kuchipatala kupita kunyumba.

Anthu ambiri omwe adadwala matenda a mtima amatenga nawo mbali pantchito yokonzanso mtima.

Anthu ambiri amapindula kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima.

Mukadwala matenda a mtima, muli ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi vuto lina la mtima.

Momwe mumakhalira mukadwala matenda amtima zimadalira pazinthu zingapo monga:

• Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yanu yamtima ndi ma mtima
• Komwe kuwonongekako kuli
• Chithandizo chanu chamankhwala mutadwala matenda amtima

Ngati mtima wanu sungathenso kutulutsa magazi kuthupi lanu monga kale, mutha kuyamba mtima kulephera. Nyimbo zachilendo zimatha kuchitika, ndipo zitha kupha moyo.

Anthu ambiri amatha kubwerera pang'onopang'ono kuzinthu zachilendo atadwala matenda a mtima. Izi zikuphatikizapo zochitika zogonana. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu.

M'mnyewa wamtima infarction; MI; MI yovuta; ST - kukwera kwa m'mnyewa wamtima; Non-ST - kukwera kwa m'mnyewa wamtima; NSTEMI; CAD - matenda a mtima; Matenda a mitsempha - matenda a mtima

• Angioplasty ndi stent - mtima - kutulutsa
• Cholesterol - mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Cholesterol - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Matenda a mtima - kutulutsa
• Matenda a mtima - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kulephera kwa mtima - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kutenga warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kutenga warfarin (Coumadin)

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Kupititsa patsogolo kwa chikwangwani m'mitsempha yamagetsi
• MI yovuta
• Kutumiza kwa myocardial infarction ECG wave tracings
• Mitsempha yamtima yakumbuyo
• Mitsempha yamkati yamkati
• Zizindikiro za matenda amtima
• Kupweteka kwa nsagwada ndi matenda a mtima

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Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, ndi al. Malangizo a 2019 ACC / AHA popewa kupewa matenda amtima: lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Kuzungulira. 2019; 140 (11): e596-e646. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 30879355 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879355/.

Bohula EA, Morrow DA. ST-elevation myocardial infarction: kasamalidwe. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 59.

Giugliano RP, Braunwald E. Non-ST kukwezeka kwambiri ma syndromes. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 60.

O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, ndi al. Chitsogozo cha 2013 ACCF / AHA pakuwongolera ST-elevation myocardial infarction: lipoti la American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Ndine Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61 (4): 485-510. PMID: 23256913 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256913/.

Scirica BM, Libby P, Morrow DA. ST-elevation myocardial infarction: pathophysiology ndi kusintha kwachipatala. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 58.

Tamis-Holland JE, Jneid H, Reynolds HR, ndi al. Kuzindikira kwamasiku ano kwa odwala omwe ali ndi infarction ya myocardial pakakhala kuti alibe matenda osokoneza bongo: mawu asayansi ochokera ku American Heart Association. Kuzungulira. 2019; 139 (18): e891-e908. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 30913893 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30913893/.