Viral gastroenteritis (chimfine cham'mimba)

Viral gastroenteritis imakhalapo pomwe kachilombo kamayambitsa matenda am'mimba ndi m'matumbo. Matendawa amatha kutsekula m'mimba ndikusanza. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "chimfine cham'mimba."

Gastroenteritis imatha kukhudza munthu m'modzi kapena gulu la anthu omwe onse amadya chakudya chofanana kapena kumwa madzi omwewo. Majeremusi amatha kulowa m'dongosolo lanu m'njira zambiri:

• Mwachindunji kuchokera ku chakudya kapena madzi
• Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga mbale ndi ziwiya zodyera
• Kudutsa kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera poyandikira kwambiri

Mitundu yambiri yamavairasi imatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mimba. Ma virus omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

• Norovirus (kachilombo kofanana ndi Norwalk) ndi wamba pakati pa ana azaka zopita kusukulu. Zingayambitsenso kuphulika muzipatala komanso sitima zapamadzi.
• Rotavirus ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha gastroenteritis mwa ana. Ikhozanso kupatsira achikulire omwe ali ndi ana omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso anthu omwe amakhala m'malo osungira anthu okalamba.
• Astrovirus.
• Enten adenovirus.
• COVID-19 imatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro za chimfine cham'mimba, ngakhale vuto la kupuma kulibe.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa akuphatikizapo ana aang'ono, achikulire, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mkati mwa maola 4 mpaka 48 mutagwidwa ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Nseru ndi kusanza

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kuzizira, khungu losalala, kapena thukuta
• Malungo
• Kuuma kophatikizana kapena kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kudya moperewera
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzawona zizindikilo za kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, kuphatikizapo:

• Mkamwa wouma kapena womata
• Kutaya mtima kapena kukomoka (kutaya madzi m'thupi)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Mkodzo wotsika kapena wopanda mkodzo, mkodzo wambiri womwe umawoneka wachikasu
• Mawanga ofewa (fontanelles) pamwamba pamutu wa khanda
• Palibe misozi
• Maso otupa

Kuyesedwa kwa zitsanzo zanyumba kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa safunika. Chikhalidwe chopondapo chingachitike kuti mudziwe ngati vutoli likuyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya.

Cholinga cha mankhwala ndikuonetsetsa kuti thupi liri ndi madzi ndi madzi okwanira. Madzi ndi ma electrolyte (mchere ndi mchere) omwe amatayika kudzera m'mimba kapena kusanza ayenera kusinthidwa ndikumwa madzi ena owonjezera. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mumatha kudya, mumayenera kumwa zakumwa zina pakati pa chakudya.

• Ana okalamba komanso akulu amatha kumwa zakumwa zamasewera monga Gatorade, koma izi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana aang'ono. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito ma electrolyte ndi njira zosinthira madzi kapena ma popi a freezer omwe amapezeka m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa mankhwala.
• OGWIRITSA ntchito madzi azipatso (kuphatikiza madzi a apulo), sodas kapena kola (mosabisa kapena mopepuka), Jell-O, kapena msuzi. Zamadzimadzi sizimalowa m'malo mwa mchere womwe watayika ndipo zimatha kukulitsa kutsegula m'mimba.
• Imwani madzi pang'ono (2 mpaka 4 oz. Kapena 60 mpaka 120 mL) mphindi 30 mpaka 60 zilizonse. Musayese kukakamiza madzi ambiri nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingayambitse kusanza. Gwiritsani ntchito supuni ya tiyi (mamililita 5) kapena jakisoni kwa khanda kapena mwana wakhanda.
• Ana amatha kupitiriza kumwa mkaka kapena mkaka wa m'mawere komanso madzi ena owonjezera. Simuyenera kusinthana ndi kapangidwe ka soya.

Yesani kudya chakudya chochepa pafupipafupi. Zakudya zoyesera monga:

• Mbewu, mkate, mbatata, nyama zowonda
• Yogurt wamba, nthochi, maapulo atsopano
• Masamba

Ngati muli ndi kutsekula m'mimba ndipo mukulephera kumwa kapena kuchepetsa madzi chifukwa cha nseru kapena kusanza, mungafunike madzi kudzera mumtsempha (IV). Makanda ndi ana aang'ono amafunikira kwambiri madzi amtundu wa IV.

Makolo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa matewera onyowa omwe mwana wakhanda kapena mwana ali nawo. Matewera ochepa onyowa ndi chizindikiro chakuti khanda limafunikira madzi ambiri.

Anthu omwe amamwa mapiritsi amadzi (okodzetsa) omwe amatsekula m'mimba amatha kuwuzidwa ndi omwe amawapatsa kuti asiye kumwa mpaka zizindikiritso zitayamba. Komabe, MUSAYE kusiya kumwa mankhwala alionse musanalankhule ndi omwe akukuthandizani.

Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito ma virus.

Mutha kugula mankhwala kusitolo komwe kumatha kuyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa kutsegula m'mimba.

• Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa osalankhula ndi omwe akukupatsani ngati muli ndi matenda otsekula magazi, malungo, kapena ngati kutsekula m'mimba kuli koopsa.
• Osapereka mankhwalawa kwa ana.

Kwa anthu ambiri, matendawa amatha masiku angapo osalandira chithandizo.

Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri kumatha kuchitika mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati kutsekula m'mimba kumatenga masiku opitilira angapo kapena ngati kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumachitika. Muyeneranso kulumikizana ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi izi:

• Magazi pansi
• Kusokonezeka
• Chizungulire
• Pakamwa pouma
• Kumva kukomoka
• Nseru
• Osalira misozi ikulira
• Palibe mkodzo kwa maola 8 kapena kuposa
• Kuwoneka konyansa m'maso
• Malo osalala omata pamutu wa khanda (fontanelle)

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani nthawi yomweyo ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro za kupuma, malungo kapena kutuluka kwa COVID-19.

Mavairasi ambiri ndi mabakiteriya amapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu osasamba m'manja. Njira yabwino yopewera chimfine cham'mimba ndikugwira chakudya moyenera ndikusamba m'manja mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.

Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'anira kudzipatula kwanu komanso kudzipatula nokha ngati COVID-19 akukayikira.

Katemera woteteza ku matenda a rotavirus amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana kuyambira ali ndi miyezi iwiri.

Matenda a Rotavirus - gastroenteritis; Matenda a Norwalk; Gastroenteritis - mavairasi; Fuluwenza m'mimba; Kutsekula m'mimba - tizilombo; Zitulo zomasuka - mavairasi; Kukhumudwa m'mimba - mavairasi

• Mukakhala ndi nseru ndi kusanza

• Dongosolo m'mimba
• Zakudya zam'mimba ziwalo

Bass DM. Ma Rotaviruses, ma caliciviruses, ndi ma astroviruses. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 292.

DuPont HL, PC ya Okhuysen. Yandikirani kwa wodwala yemwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 267.

Kotloff KL. Pachimake gastroenteritis ana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 366.

Melia JMP, Sears CL. Opatsirana enteritis ndi proctocolitis. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Matenda a Mimba ndi a Fordtran Amatenda a Chiwindi. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 110.