Zolemba

Matenda ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chosowa vitamini D, calcium, kapena phosphate. Zimabweretsa kufewetsa komanso kufooketsa mafupa.

Vitamini D amathandiza kuti thupi lizilamulira calcium ndi phosphate. Magazi amcherewa akatsika kwambiri, thupi limatha kupanga mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti calcium ndi phosphate zimasulidwe m'mafupa. Izi zimabweretsa mafupa ofooka komanso ofewa.

Vitamini D amayamwa kuchokera pachakudya kapena khungu limatulutsa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuperewera kwa vitamini D pakhungu kumatha kuchitika mwa anthu omwe:

• Khalani m'malo otentha omwe mulibe dzuwa
• Ayenera kukhala m'nyumba
• Gwiritsani ntchito m'nyumba masana

Simungapeze vitamini D wokwanira pazakudya zanu ngati:

• Kodi lactose ndi yosalolera (imavutika kukumba mkaka)
• MUSAMWE zakumwa zamkaka
• Tsatirani zakudya zamasamba

Makanda omwe amayamwitsa okha amatha kukhala ndi vuto la vitamini D. Mkaka wa m'mawere waumunthu sumapereka vitamini D. wokwanira kukhala vutoli kwa ana akhungu lakuda m'miyezi yozizira. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamakhala miyezi yochepa padzuwa m'miyezi imeneyi.

Kusapeza kashiamu wokwanira ndi phosphorous m'zakudya zanu kumathanso kubweretsa ma rickets. Ma rickets omwe amayamba chifukwa chakusowa kwa michereyi m'zakudya ndi ochepa m'maiko otukuka. Calcium ndi phosphorous amapezeka mumkaka ndi masamba obiriwira.

Chibadwa chanu chitha kukulitsa chiopsezo chamatenda. Ma rickets obadwa nawo ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amapatsira kudzera m'mabanja. Zimachitika pamene impso zimalephera kugwiritsitsa mchere wa phosphate. Ma rickets amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi vuto la impso lomwe limakhudza aimpso tubular acidosis.

Zovuta zomwe zimachepetsa kugaya kapena kuyamwa kwamafuta zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti vitamini D ilowe m'thupi.

Nthawi zina, ma rickets amatha kukhala ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi. Ana awa sangasinthe vitamini D kukhala mawonekedwe ake.

Ma rickets ndi osowa ku United States. Ndizotheka kuti zimachitika mwa ana munthawi yakukula msanga. Uwu ndi m'badwo womwe thupi limafunikira calcium yambiri ndi phosphate. Ma rickets amatha kuwoneka mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 24. Sizachilendo kwa ana obadwa kumene.

Zizindikiro za ma rickets ndi monga:

• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kukoma m'manja, miyendo, m'chiuno, ndi msana
• Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa minofu (kuchepa mphamvu yamphamvu ya minofu) ndi kufooka komwe kumakulirakulira
• Kupunduka kwa mano, kuphatikiza kuchedwetsa kupangika kwa mano, zopindika m'mano, mabowo enamel, ndi zibowo zowonjezeka (zotupa mano)
• Kukula kovuta
• Kuchuluka kwa mafupa
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Msinkhu waufupi (akuluakulu osakwana mamita asanu kapena 1.52 mita wamtali)
• Zofooka za mafupa monga chigaza chowoneka chachilendo, ma bowlegs, ma bumps mu nthiti (rachitic rosary), chifuwa chomwe chimakankhidwira patsogolo (njiwa pachifuwa), kufooka kwa mafupa, ndi kufooka kwa msana (msana womwe umakhota mosavomerezeka, kuphatikiza scoliosis kapena kyphosis)

Kuyezetsa thupi kumawonetsa kukoma kapena kupweteka m'mafupa, koma osati m'malo olumikizana kapena minofu.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuthandiza kuzindikira ma rickets:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yamagazi
• Mayeso amwazi (calcium ya seramu)
• Bops biopsy (osachita kawirikawiri)
• Mafupa x-ray
• Seramu zamchere phosphatase (ALP)
• Seramu phosphorous

Mayesero ndi njira zina ndi izi:

• ALP isoenzyme
• Calcium (ionized)
• Mahomoni a Parathyroid (PTH)
• Mkodzo calcium

Zolinga zamankhwala ndikuthandizira kuthetsa vutoli ndikukonza zomwe zayambitsa vutoli. Choyambitsa chikuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti matenda asabwerenso.

Kusintha calcium, phosphorus, kapena vitamini D yomwe ikusowa kumachotsa zizindikilo zambiri zamatenda. Zakudya za vitamini D zimaphatikizapo chiwindi cha nsomba ndi mkaka wosakanizidwa.

Kuwonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kumalimbikitsidwa. Ngati ma rickets amayamba chifukwa cha vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya, mankhwala owonjezera a vitamini D angafunike.

Kuyika kapena kulimba mtima kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kapena kupewa zolakwika. Zofooka zina za mafupa zingafune kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti awongolere.

Vutoli limatha kukonzedwa posintha vitamini D ndi mchere. Malingaliro ama labotale ndi ma x-ray nthawi zambiri amasintha pakatha sabata limodzi. Nthawi zina zimafunikira kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi vitamini D.

Ngati ma rickets sakulangizidwa mwanayo akukula, mafupa opunduka ndi kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala kosatha. Ngati awongoleredwa mwana akadali wamng'ono, mafupa opunduka nthawi zambiri amasintha kapena kutha pakapita nthawi.

Zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo ndi izi:

• Mafupa a nthawi yayitali (osatha)
• Zofooka za mafupa
• Kuphulika kwa mafupa, kumatha kuchitika popanda chifukwa

Itanani woyang'anira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu ngati muwona zododometsa.

Mutha kupewa ma rickets powonetsetsa kuti mwana wanu akupeza calcium, phosphorus, ndi vitamini D wokwanira pazakudya zawo. Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lakugaya kapena mavuto ena angafunike kumwa mankhwala owonjezera omwe amaperekedwa ndi omwe amapereka kwa mwanayo.

Impso (impso) matenda omwe angayambitse kuyamwa kwa vitamini D ayenera kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli ndi vuto la impso, onetsetsani kashiamu ndi phosphorous level nthawi zonse.

Upangiri wa chibadwa ungathandize anthu omwe ali ndi banja lomwe ali ndi zovuta zobadwa nazo zomwe zitha kuyambitsa ma rickets.

Osteomalacia ana; Kulephera kwa Vitamini D; Ziphuphu zamphongo; Zovuta zamatsenga

• X-ray

Bhan A, Rao AD, Bhadada SK, Rao SD. Rickets ndi osteomalacia. Mu Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, olemba. Buku la Williams la Endocrinology. Wolemba 14th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 31.

Demay MB, Krane SM. Kusokonezeka kwa mchere. Mu: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, olemba. Endocrinology: Akuluakulu ndi Ana. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 71.

Greenbaum, PA. Kulephera kwa Vitamini D (ma rickets) ndi kuchuluka. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 64.

Weinstein RS. Osteomalacia ndi ma rickets. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 231.