Khansa ya prostate

Khansa ya prostate ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mu prostate gland. Prostate ndichinthu chaching'ono, chokhala ngati mtedza chomwe chimapanga gawo la ziwalo zoberekera za abambo. Amakulunga mkodzo, chubu chomwe chimatulutsa mkodzo m'thupi.

Khansa ya prostate ndi yomwe imakonda kupha anthu ambiri azaka zopitilira 75. Khansa ya prostate imapezeka mwa amuna ochepera zaka 40.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi awa:

• Amuna aku Africa aku America, amenenso ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi khansa pamibadwo yonse
• Amuna azaka zopitilira 60
• Amuna omwe ali ndi abambo kapena mchimwene wawo yemwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate

Anthu ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi awa:

• Amuna omwe akhala akuzungulira Agent Orange
• Amuna omwe amadya chakudya chambiri, makamaka mafuta a nyama
• Amuna onenepa kwambiri

Khansa ya Prostate siyodziwika kwenikweni mwa anthu omwe samadya nyama (zamasamba).

Vuto lofala pafupifupi mwa amuna onse akamakula ndi prostate wokulitsidwa. Izi zimatchedwa benign prostatic hyperplasia, kapena BPH. Sizikubweretsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya prostate. Koma, itha kukulitsa zotsatira za kuyesa kwa magazi kwa prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Ndi khansa yoyambirira ya prostate, nthawi zambiri sipakhala zisonyezo.

Kuyezetsa magazi kwa PSA kumatha kuyesa amuna kuti awone ngati ali ndi khansa ya prostate. Kawirikawiri, msinkhu wa PSA umakwera pasanakhale zizindikiro zilizonse.

Zizindikiro zomwe zili pansipa zitha kuchitika ndi khansa ya prostate ikamakula mu prostate. Zizindikirozi zimatha kuyambitsanso mavuto ena a prostate:

• Kuchedwa kapena kuyamba kwakanthawi kwamtsinje
• Kuyendetsa mkodzo kapena kutulutsa mkodzo, nthawi zambiri mukakodza
• Mtsinje wosakwiya pang'ono
• Kuwongolera mukakodza, kapena kusakwanitsa kutulutsa mkodzo wonse
• Magazi mkodzo kapena umuna

Khansara ikafalikira, pakhoza kukhala kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kukoma, nthawi zambiri m'munsi mwam'mafupa ndi m'chiuno.

Kuyezetsa magazi modzidzimutsa kungakhale chizindikiro chokhacho cha khansa ya prostate.

Biopsy imafunika kudziwa ngati muli ndi khansa ya prostate. Biopsy ndi njira yochotsera zitsanzo kuchokera ku prostate. Chitsanzocho chimatumizidwa ku labu kukayesedwa. Idzachitika muofesi ya dokotala wanu.

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kufufuza ngati:

• Muli ndi mulingo wapamwamba wa PSA
• Kuyeza kwamakina a digito kumawulula zolimba kapena zosagwirizana

Zotsatira za biopsy akuti amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa Gleason grade ndi Gleason.

Kalasi ya Gleason imakuwuzani momwe khansa imafalikira mwachangu. Amakhala ndi zotupa pamlingo wa 1 mpaka 5. Mutha kukhala ndi khansa yosiyanasiyana pamiyeso imodzi. Magulu awiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri amaphatikizidwa limodzi. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wa Gleason. Mukakwera Gleason, khansa imatha kufalikira kuposa prostate:

• Maphunziro 2 mpaka 6: Khansa ya prostate yotsika kwambiri.
• Gawo 7: Wapakati- (kapena pakati) khansa yapakati. Khansa zambiri za prostate zimagwera mgululi.
• Maphunziro 8 mpaka 10: Khansa yapamwamba kwambiri.

Njira ina yoyika, Gulu la Gulu la Gulu la 5 limagwira ntchito yabwino pofotokozera momwe khansa imakhalira ndikuyankha kuchipatala:

• Gulu la Gulu 1: Gleason 6 kapena kuchepera (khansa yotsika)
• Gulu la 2: Gulu la Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 (khansa yapakatikati)
• Gulu la 3: Gulu la Gleason 4 + 3 = 7 (khansa yapakatikati)
• Gulu la 4: Gulu la Gleason 8 (khansa yayikulu)
• Gulu la Gulu 5: Gleason mphambu 9 mpaka 10 (khansa yayikulu)

Gulu locheperako likuwonetsa mwayi wabwino wothandizidwa bwino kuposa gulu lokwera. Gulu lapamwamba limatanthauza kuti maselo ambiri a khansa amawoneka osiyana ndi maselo abwinobwino. Gulu lapamwamba limatanthauzanso kuti chotupacho chitha kufalikira mwamphamvu.

Mayesero otsatirawa akhoza kuchitidwa kuti adziwe ngati khansara yafalikira:

• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kujambula mafupa
• Kujambula kwa MRI

Kuyesa magazi kwa PSA kudzagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwunika khansa yanu mukalandira chithandizo.

Chithandizo chimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwanu kwa Gleason komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Dokotala wanu akukambirana nanu zosankha zanu.

Ngati khansara siinafalikire kunja kwa Prostate gland, mankhwala wamba ndi awa:

• Opaleshoni (radical prostatectomy)
• Thandizo la radiation, kuphatikiza brachytherapy ndi proton therapy

Ngati ndinu okalamba, adokotala angakulimbikitseni kungoyang'anira khansa ndi mayeso a PSA ndi ma biopsies.

Thandizo la mahomoni limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka khansa yomwe yafalikira kupitirira prostate. Zimathandiza kuthetsa zizindikiro ndikuletsa kukula ndi kufalikira kwa khansa. Koma sichiritsa khansa.

Ngati khansa ya prostate imafalikira ngakhale mankhwala a hormone atachitidwa, opaleshoni, kapena radiation yatayesedwa, chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy (mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze ndikupha ma cell a khansa)

Kuchita maopareshoni, mankhwala a radiation, ndi mankhwala a mahomoni kumatha kukhudza magwiridwe anu ogonana. Mavuto ndi kuwongolera mkodzo amatha pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi mankhwala a radiation. Kambiranani nkhawa zanu ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.

Mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya prostate, mudzayang'anitsitsa kuti khansa isafalikire. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza kuyesa magazi a PSA (nthawi zambiri miyezi itatu mpaka chaka chimodzi).

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa za matenda polowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa ya prostate. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Momwe mumachitira bwino zimadalira ngati khansara yafalikira kunja kwa Prostate gland komanso momwe ma cell a khansa alili olakwika (Gleason score) mukapezeka.

Chithandizo ndichotheka ngati khansa isafalikire. Chithandizo cha mahomoni chimatha kupulumutsa moyo, ngakhale mankhwala sangathe.

Kambiranani zaubwino ndi zovuta za kuwunika kwa PSA ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo.

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani njira zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya prostate. Izi zingaphatikizepo njira zamoyo, monga zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Palibe mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi a FDA oletsa kupewa khansa ya prostate.

Khansa - Prostate; Chiwindi - Prostate; Chiwerewere; Chiwerengero cha Gleason

• Kutulutsa kwapakati - kutulutsa
• Prostate brachytherapy - kutulutsa
• Thandizo la radiation - mafunso omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Radical prostatectomy - kutulutsa

• Kutengera kwamwamuna kubereka
• Njira yamkodzo wamwamuna
• BPH
• Khansa ya prostate
• PSA kuyesa magazi
• Prostatectomy - Mndandanda
• Transurethral resection wa prostate (TURP) - Mndandanda

Tsamba la American Urological Association. Kuyesedwa kwa PSA poyesa kuchitapo kanthu ndikuwongolera pambuyo pa chithandizo cha khansa ya prostate: Kukonzanso kwa 2013 kwa Chiwonetsero Chabwino Kwambiri cha 2009. www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-specific-antigen-(psa)-best-practice-statement. Idapezeka pa Disembala 5, 2019.

Tsamba la American Urological Association. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa khansa ya prostate (2018): malangizo azachipatala. www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 22, 2019.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Matenda a khansa ya Prostate (PDQ). www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Seputembara 20, 2019. Idapezeka pa Disembala 5, 2019.

Tsamba la National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Malangizo azachipatala a NCCN mu oncology (malangizo a NCCN): khansa ya prostate. Mtundu 4.2019. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 19, 2019. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 4, 2019.

Nelson WG, Antonarakis ES, Carter HB, De Marzo AM, DeWeese TL. Khansa ya prostate. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 81.

Stephenson AJ, Klein EA. Epidemiology, etiology, komanso kupewa khansa ya prostate. Mu: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, olemba. Urology wa Campbell-Walsh. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mutu 107.

Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Kuunikira khansa ya prostate: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 319 (18): 1901-1913. PMID: 29801017 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801017. (Adasankhidwa)