Pachimake myeloid khansa ya m'magazi - wamkulu

Khansa ya myeloid leukemia (AML) ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mkati mwa mafupa. Izi ndiye minofu yofewa yomwe ili pakatikati pa mafupa yomwe imathandizira kupanga maselo onse amwazi. Khansara imakula kuchokera m'maselo omwe nthawi zambiri amasandulika maselo oyera amagazi.

Chowopsa chimatanthauza kuti matenda amakula mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndiukali.

AML ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri za khansa ya m'magazi pakati pa akulu.

AML imakonda kwambiri amuna kuposa akazi.

Mafupa amathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi matenda ndikupanga zigawo zina zamagazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi AML ali ndi maselo osakhwima ambiri mkati mwa mafupa awo. Maselo amakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo amalowa m'malo mwa maselo amwazi wathanzi. Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe ali ndi AML amatha kutenga matenda. Amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chowaza magazi pamene kuchuluka kwa maselo athanzi lamagazi kumachepa.

Nthawi zambiri, wothandizira zaumoyo sangakuuzeni chomwe chinayambitsa AML. Komabe, zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi, kuphatikizapo AML:

• Mavuto amwazi, kuphatikiza polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia yofunikira, ndi myelodysplasia
• Mankhwala ena (mwachitsanzo, benzene)
• Mankhwala ena a chemotherapy, kuphatikiza etoposide ndi mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti alkylating agents
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala enaake ndi zinthu zina zoyipa
• Mafunde
• Chitetezo chofooka chifukwa chokhala ndi chiwalo

Mavuto ndi majini anu amathanso kuyambitsa AML.

AML ilibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka makamaka chifukwa cha zofananira. Zizindikiro za AML zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• Kutuluka magazi kuchokera mphuno
• Kutuluka magazi ndi kutupa (kosowa) m'kamwa
• Kulalata
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kukoma
• Malungo ndi kutopa
• Kusamba kwambiri
• Khungu lotumbululuka
• Kupuma pang'ono (kumawonjezeka pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi)
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Woperekayo ayesa mayeso. Pakhoza kukhala zizindikilo za nthenda yotupa, chiwindi, kapena ma lymph node. Mayesero omwe adachitika ndi awa:

• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kumatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magazi komanso kuchuluka kwamagazi. Kuwerengera kwa maselo oyera a magazi (WBC) kumatha kukhala kwakukulu, kutsika, kapena kwachilendo.
• Kufuna kwa mafuta a m'mafupa ndi biopsy kudzawonetsa ngati pali ma cell a leukemia.

Ngati wothandizira wanu atadziwa kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'magazi, mayesero ena adzachitidwa kuti mudziwe mtundu wa AML. Tinthu ting'onoting'ono timatengera kusintha kwa majini (masinthidwe) ndi momwe maselo a leukemia amawonekera pansi pa microscope.

Chithandizo chake chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (chemotherapy) kupha ma cell a khansa. Mitundu yambiri ya AML imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opitilira chemotherapy opitilira umodzi.

Chemotherapy imapha ma cell wamba, nawonso. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta monga:

• Kuchuluka kwangozi yotaya magazi
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo (dokotala wanu angafune kuti mukhale kutali ndi anthu ena kuti muteteze matenda)
• Kuchepetsa thupi (muyenera kudya ma calories owonjezera)
• Zilonda za pakamwa

Mankhwala ena othandizira AML atha kukhala:

• Maantibayotiki ochiza matenda
• Kuikidwa magazi ofiira kuti athane ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kuika magazi m'magazi kuti muchepetse magazi

Kutenga mafupa (stem cell) kumatha kuyesedwa. Chisankhochi chimasankhidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:

• Msinkhu wanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse
• Kusintha kwina kwamaselo am'magazi a m'magazi
• Kupezeka kwa omwe amapereka

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Pamene mafupa am'mafupa sakuwonetsa umboni wa AML, mukuti mukukhululukidwa. Momwe mumakhalira bwino zimatengera thanzi lanu lonse komanso mtundu wamaselo a AML.

Kukhululukidwa sikofanana ndi mankhwala. Chithandizo chambiri chimafunikira, mwina ngati chemotherapy yambiri kapena kumuika m'mafupa.

Ndi chithandizo, achinyamata omwe ali ndi AML amakonda kuchita bwino kuposa omwe amakhala ndi matendawa atakalamba. Kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 ndikotsika kwambiri kwa okalamba kuposa achinyamata. Akatswiri ati izi mwina chifukwa choti achinyamata amatha kupirira mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy. Komanso, khansa ya m'magazi mwa anthu okalamba imakhala yosagwirizana ndi chithandizo chamakono.

Ngati khansayo sidzabweranso (kubwereranso) mkati mwa zaka 5 mutapezeka, mutha kuchira.

Itanani nthawi yokumana ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mut:

• Pangani zizindikiro za AML
• Khalani ndi AML ndipo mukhale ndi malungo omwe sangachoke kapena zizindikilo zina za matenda

Ngati mumagwira ntchito pozungulira radiation kapena mankhwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi, nthawi zonse muzivala zoteteza.

Pachimake myelogenous khansa ya m'magazi; AML; Pachimake granulocytic khansa ya m'magazi; Khansa ya m'magazi yotchedwa nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL); Khansa ya m'magazi - pachimake myeloid (AML); Khansa ya m'magazi - pachimake granulocytic; Khansa ya m'magazi - nonlymphocytic (ANLL)

• Kuika mafuta m'mafupa - kutulutsa

• Auer ndodo
• Pachimake monocytic khansa ya m'magazi - khungu
• Maselo amwazi

Appelbaum FR. Mankhwala oopsa a leukemias mwa akuluakulu. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 95.

Faderl S, Kantarjian HM (Adasankhidwa) Matenda mawonetseredwe ndi chithandizo cha pachimake myeloid khansa ya m'magazi. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba. Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 59.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo chachikulire cha myeloid leukemia (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-kuchiza-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 11, 2020. Idapezeka pa Okutobala 9, 2020.