Malungo

Malaria ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kugwedeza kuzizira, zizindikiro ngati chimfine, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.

Malungo amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti. Amapatsidwira kwa anthu mwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu wa opheles womwe uli ndi kachilombo. Pambuyo pa matendawa, tiziromboti (tomwe timatchedwa sporozoites) timadutsa m'magazi mpaka pachiwindi. Kumeneku, amakula ndi kutulutsa tizilombo tina tomwe timatchedwa merozoites. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'magazi ndipo timayambitsa maselo ofiira ofiira.

Tizilomboto timaberekana mkati mwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Maselowo amatseguka mkati mwa maola 48 mpaka 72 ndikupatsira maselo ofiira ambiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakatha masiku 10 kapena 4 mutadwala, ngakhale zimatha kuchitika masiku asanu ndi atatu kapena chaka chimodzi chatha. Zizindikirozi zimachitika pakadutsa maola 48 mpaka 72.

Zizindikiro zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi:

• Kutulutsidwa kwa merozoites m'magazi
• Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira
• Ma hemoglobin ambiri amatulutsidwa kuti azizunguliridwa pambuyo poti maselo ofiira atseguka

Malungo amathanso kufalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wake wosabadwa (kobadwa nako) komanso kuthiridwa magazi. Malungo atha kunyamulidwa ndi udzudzu m'malo otentha, koma tizilomboto timasowa m'nyengo yozizira.

Matendawa ndi vuto lalikulu lathanzi m'malo ambiri otentha ndi otentha. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention akuti pamakhala mamiliyoni 300 mpaka 500 miliyoni a malungo chaka chilichonse. Anthu opitilira 1 miliyoni amafa nawo. Malungo ndi ngozi yayikulu yamatenda kwa apaulendo kumadera otentha.

M'madera ena padziko lapansi, udzudzu wonyamula malungo wayamba kulimbana ndi tizirombo. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilomboto tayamba kusamva mankhwala ena ake. Izi zapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda komanso kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi (momwe thupi lilibe maselo ofiira okwanira okwanira)
• Zojambula zamagazi
• Kuzizira, malungo, thukuta
• Coma
• Kugwedezeka
• Mutu
• Jaundice
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Nseru ndi kusanza

Mukayezetsa thupi, wothandizira zaumoyo atha kupeza chiwindi chokulitsa kapena nthenda yotakasa.

Mayeso omwe adachitika ndi awa:

• Mayeso ofufuza mwachangu, omwe akukhala ofala kwambiri chifukwa ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo amafunikira maphunziro ochepa ndi akatswiri a labotale
• Magazi a malungo amatengedwa nthawi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka 12 kuti atsimikizire matendawa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kumazindikira kuchepa kwa magazi ngati kulipo

Malaria, makamaka malungo a falciparum, ndi vuto lazachipatala lomwe limafunikira kugona kuchipatala. Chloroquine amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oletsa malungo. Koma matenda opatsirana ndi chloroquine ndi ofala m’madera ena padziko lapansi.

Njira zochizira matenda opatsirana ndi chloroquine ndi monga:

• Kuphatikiza kochokera kwa Artemisinin, kuphatikiza artemether ndi lumefantrine
• Atovaquone-proguanil
• Ndondomeko ya Quinine, kuphatikiza ndi doxycycline kapena clindamycin
• Mefloquine, kuphatikiza ndi artesunate kapena doxycycline

Kusankha kwamankhwala kumadalira, mwa zina, komwe mudalandira matendawa.

Chithandizo chamankhwala, kuphatikiza madzi am'mitsempha (IV) ndi mankhwala ena ndi kupuma (kupuma) kuthandizira kumafunikira.

Zotsatira zake zikuyenera kukhala zabwino nthawi zambiri malungo atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala, koma osavomerezeka ndi matenda a falciparum omwe ali ndi zovuta.

Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha malungo ndi awa:

• Matenda a ubongo (cerebritis)
• Kuwonongeka kwa maselo amwazi (hemolytic anemia)
• Impso kulephera
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi
• Meningitis
• Kulephera kupuma kuchokera kumadzimadzi m'mapapo (pulmonary edema)
• Kutuluka kwa ndulu yomwe imayambitsa kutuluka kwamkati mwamphamvu (kukha magazi)

Itanani foni kwa omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukudwala malungo komanso kupweteka mutu mukapita kudziko lina lachilendo.

Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala m'malo omwe malungo amapezeka kwambiri atetezedwa ndi matendawa. Alendo sadziteteza ndipo ayenera kumwa mankhwala oteteza.

Ndikofunika kuwona wothandizira zaumoyo wanu musanapite ulendo wanu. Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwala angafunike kuyamba patadutsa milungu iwiri musanapite kuderalo, ndikupitiliza mwezi umodzi mutachoka m'deralo. Anthu ambiri ochokera ku United States amene amadwala malungo amalephera kuchita zinthu mosamala.

Mitundu ya mankhwala oletsa malungo yomwe imaperekedwa imadalira dera lomwe mumayendera. Oyenda kupita ku South America, Africa, Indian subcontinent, Asia, ndi South Pacific ayenera kumwa mankhwala awa: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine kapena atovaquone-proguanil. Ngakhale amayi apakati ayenera kulingalira kumwa mankhwala opewera chifukwa chiopsezo kwa mwana wosabadwayo kuchokera ku mankhwalawa ndi ochepera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Chloroquine wakhala mankhwala osankhidwa podziteteza ku malungo. Koma chifukwa chokana, tsopano akungouziridwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo omwe Plasmodium vivax, P chowulungika, ndi P malungo alipo.

Malungo a Falciparum akuchulukirachulukira ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi malungo Malangizo omwe akuperekedwa ndi mefloquine, atovaquone / proguanil (Malarone), ndi doxycycline.

Pewani kulumidwa ndi udzudzu ndi:

• Kuvala zovala zokutetezani m'manja ndi miyendo yanu
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa udzudzu uli mtulo
• Kugwiritsa ntchito othamangitsa tizilombo

Kuti mumve zambiri za malungo ndi mankhwala oteteza, pitani patsamba la CDC: www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html.

Malungo a Quartan; Malungo a Falciparum; Malungo a Biduoterian; Malungo a madzi akuda; Matenda a Tertian; Plasmodium

• Malungo - tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta majeremusi am'manja
• Udzudzu, kudya wamkulu pakhungu
• Udzudzu, dzira raft
• Udzudzu - mphutsi
• Udzudzu, pupa
• Malungo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta majeremusi am'manja
• Malungo, photomicrograph yama parasites am'manja
• Malungo

Ansong D, Seydel KB, Taylor TE. Malungo. Mu: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aronson NE, Endy TP, olemba. Hunter’s Tropical Medicine ndi Matenda Opatsirana. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 101.

Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE. Malungo (Mitundu ya plasmodium). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 274.

Freedman CHITANI. Kutetezedwa kwa apaulendo. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 318.