Echinococcosis

Echinococcosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Echinococcus granulosus kapena Echinococcus multilocularis nyongolotsi. Matendawa amatchedwanso matenda a hydatid.

Anthu amatenga kachilombo akamameza mazira a tapeworm mu chakudya choyipa. Mazirawo amapanga ziphuphu mkati mwa thupi. Chotupa ndi thumba lotseka kapena thumba. Ziphuphu zimakula, zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikilo.

E granulosus ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha njoka zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka agalu ndi ziweto monga nkhosa, nkhumba, mbuzi, ndi ng'ombe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi pafupifupi 2 mpaka 7 mm kutalika. Matendawa amatchedwa cystic echinococcosis (CE). Zimabweretsa kukula kwa zotupa makamaka m'mapapu ndi chiwindi. Ziphuphu zimapezekanso mumtima, m'mafupa, ndi muubongo.

Ma multilocularis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha njoka zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka agalu, amphaka, makoswe, ndi nkhandwe. Ziphuphuzi zimakhala pafupifupi 1 mpaka 4 mm kutalika. Matendawa amatchedwa alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Imakhala yoopsa pangozi chifukwa zimamera ngati zotupa m'chiwindi. Ziwalo zina, monga mapapo ndi ubongo zimatha kukhudzidwa.

Ana kapena achikulire amatha kutenga kachilomboka.

Echinococcosis ndi wamba mu:

• Africa
• Central Asia
• Kumwera kwa South America
• Nyanja ya Mediterranean
• Middle East

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka ku United States. Adanenedwa ku California, Arizona, New Mexico, ndi Utah.

Zowopsa zimaphatikizapo kudziwitsidwa ndi:

• Ng'ombe
• Mbawala
• Ndowe za agalu, nkhandwe, mimbulu, kapena nkhandwe
• Nkhumba
• Nkhosa
• Ngamila

Ziphuphu sizimatha kutulutsa zizindikilo zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo.

Matendawa akamakula ndipo ma cyst amakula, zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Ululu kumtunda chakumanja kwam'mimba (chotupa cha chiwindi)
• Onjezani kukula kwa m'mimba chifukwa chotupa (chotupa cha chiwindi)
• Sputum wamagazi (chotupa chamapapu)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa (chotupa cha m'mapapo)
• Chifuwa (chotupa cha m'mapapo)
• Zowopsa kwambiri (anaphylaxis) pamene zotupa zimatseguka

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa thupi ndikufunsa za zizindikiro.

Ngati wothandizirayo akukayikira CE kapena AE, mayesero omwe angachitike kuti apeze zotupazo ndi awa:

• X-ray, echocardiogram, CT scan, PET scan, kapena ultrasound kuti muwone ziphuphu
• Kuyezetsa magazi, monga enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Chida chabwino chofuna singano

Nthawi zambiri, ma cyst echinococcosis amapezeka mukamayesedwa ndi chifukwa china.

Anthu ambiri amatha kulandira mankhwala olimbana ndi nyongolotsi.

Njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kulowetsa singano pakhungu ikhoza kuyesedwa. Zomwe zili mu cyst zimachotsedwa (aspirated) kudzera mu singano. Kenako mankhwala amatumizidwa kudzera mu singano kupha kachilombo ka tapeworm. Mankhwalawa si a zotupa m'mapapu.

Kuchita opaleshoni ndiyo njira yabwino yosankhira ma cyst omwe ali akulu, ali ndi kachilombo, kapenanso amapezeka m'matupi monga mtima ndi ubongo.

Ngati zotupa zimayankha mankhwala akumwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi zodabwitsazi.

Njira zoletsa CE ndi AE zikuphatikiza:

• Kutalikirana ndi nyama zamtchire kuphatikiza nkhandwe, mimbulu, ndi mphiri
• Kupewa kukhudzana ndi agalu osochera
• Kusamba m'manja mutakhudza agalu amphaka kapena amphaka, komanso musanagwire chakudya

Hydatidosis; Matenda a Hydatid, Hydatid cyst matenda; Alveolar chotupa matenda; Polycystic echinococcosis

• Chiwindi echinococcus - CT scan
• Ma antibodies

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Mafinya - echinococcosis. www.cdc.gov/parasites/echinococcosis/treatment.html. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 12, 2012. Idapezeka Novembala 5, 2020.

Gottstein B, Beldi G. Echinococcosis. Mu: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, olemba. Matenda Opatsirana. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 120.