Matenda a hematoma

A subdural hematoma ndi chophatikiza cha magazi pakati pa chophimba cha ubongo (chosakhalitsa) ndi pamwamba pa ubongo.

A subdural hematoma nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa chovulala mutu kwambiri. Mtundu uwu wa subdural hematoma ndiwomwe udavulala kwambiri pamutu. Kutuluka magazi kumadzaza malo amtundu waubongo mwachangu kwambiri, ndikupanikiza minofu yaubongo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuvulala kwaubongo ndipo zimatha kubweretsa imfa.

Subdural hematomas amathanso kuchitika pambuyo povulala pang'ono pamutu. Kuchuluka kwa magazi ndikochepa ndipo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Mtundu uwu wa subdural hematoma nthawi zambiri umawonekera mwa achikulire. Izi zimatha kudziwika kwa masiku ambiri mpaka masabata ndipo amatchedwa hematomas osachiritsika.

Ndi hematoma iliyonse ya subdural, mitsempha yaying'ono pakati paubongo ndi zokutira zakunja (nthawi) zimatambasula ndikung'amba, kulola magazi kusonkhana. Kwa achikulire achikulire, mitsempha nthawi zambiri imakhala itatambasulidwa kale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ubongo (atrophy) ndipo imavulala mosavuta.

Matenda ena am'magazi amayamba mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa (zokha).

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha hematoma ya subdural:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi (monga warfarin kapena aspirin)
• Kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali
• Zochitika zamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa magazi anu kuundana bwino
• Kuvulala kwamutu mobwerezabwereza, monga kugwa
• Wamng'ono kwambiri kapena wokalamba kwambiri

Kwa makanda ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, subdural hematoma imatha kuchitika pambuyo povutitsidwa ndi ana ndipo imawonekera kwambiri mumkhalidwe wotchedwa shaken baby syndrome.

Kutengera kukula kwa hematoma komanso komwe imakanikiza muubongo, izi zingachitike:

• Mawu osokoneza kapena osasunthika
• Mavuto poyenda kapena kuyenda
• Mutu
• Kupanda mphamvu kapena kusokonezeka
• Kugwidwa kapena kutaya chidziwitso
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kufooka kapena kuchita dzanzi
• Mavuto masomphenya
• Kusintha kwamakhalidwe kapena psychosis

Kwa makanda, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Kukula kwamafuta (malo ofewa a chigaza cha mwana)
• Magulu olekanitsidwa (madera omwe mafupa a chigaza amalumikizana)
• Mavuto akudya
• Kugwidwa
• Kulira kwakukulu, kukwiya
• Kukula kwamutu (kuzungulira)
• Kuchuluka kwa kugona kapena ulesi
• Kulimbikira kusanza

Pezani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo mutapweteka mutu. Musachedwe. Akuluakulu achikulire ayenera kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala ngati akuwonetsa zizindikiritso zamatenda okumbukira kapena kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, ngakhale akuwoneka kuti alibe vuto.

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala atha kuyitanitsa kuyesa kwa ubongo, monga CT kapena MRI scan, ngati pali zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwazi.

A subdural hematoma ndi vuto ladzidzidzi.

Kuchita opaleshoni mwadzidzidzi kungafunike kuti muchepetse kupanikizika kwa ubongo. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuboola kabowo m'mutu kuti muthe kukhetsa magazi aliwonse ndikuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa ubongo. Matenda akuluakulu am'magazi kapena magazi olimba amafunika kuchotsedwa kudzera munjira yotchedwa craniotomy, yomwe imatsegula kutseguka kwa chigaza.

Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito amadalira mtundu wa subdural hematoma, momwe zilili zovuta, komanso kuwonongeka kwaubongo komwe kwachitika. Mankhwala atha kuphatikizira:

• Diuretics (mapiritsi amadzi) ndi corticosteroids kuti muchepetse kutupa
• Mankhwala oletsa kulanda kuti muchepetse kapena kupewa

Maonekedwe amatengera mtundu ndi malo ovulala pamutu, kukula kwa momwe amatengera magazi, komanso momwe mankhwala akuyambidwira posachedwa.

Ma hematomas ovuta kwambiri amakhala ndi imfa zambiri komanso kuvulala kwaubongo. Matenda a subdural hematomas amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino nthawi zambiri. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimatha pambuyo poti magazi asonkhanitsidwa. Thandizo lakuthupi nthawi zina limafunika kuthandiza munthu kuti abwerere momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Kugwidwa kumachitika nthawi yomwe hematoma imapanga, kapena mpaka miyezi kapena zaka mutalandira chithandizo. Koma mankhwala amatha kuthana ndi khunyu.

Zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo ndi izi:

• Herniation yaubongo (kukakamizidwa kwaubongo koopsa kokwanira kuyambitsa chikomokere ndi imfa)
• Zizindikiro zosalekeza monga kukumbukira kukumbukira, chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, nkhawa, komanso kuvuta kuzama
• Kugwidwa
• Kufooka kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kosatha, dzanzi, kuvutika kuyankhula

A subdural hematoma ndi vuto lachipatala. Imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi, kapena mupite kuchipinda chadzidzidzi mutavulala mutu. Musachedwe.

Kuvulala kwa msana nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi kuvulala pamutu, chifukwa chake yesetsani kukhazika khosi la munthuyo ngati mukuyenera kuwasuntha asanafike thandizo.

Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito zida zantchito kuntchito ndikusewera kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chovulala pamutu. Mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito zipewa zolimba, njinga zamoto kapena zipewa zoyendera njinga zamoto, ndi malamba apampando. Okalamba ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asagwe.

Kukha mwazi; Zoopsa kuvulala kwa ubongo - subdural hematoma; TBI - subdural hematoma; Kuvulala pamutu - subdural hematoma

• Opaleshoni ya ubongo - kutulutsa

• Matenda a hematoma
• Kuwonjezeka kwachangu

Abambo L, Goldberg SA. Kusokonezeka mutu. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 34.

Stippler M. Craniocerebral zoopsa. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 62.