Matenda a Seramu

Matenda a seramu ndimachitidwe omwe amafanana ndi ziwengo. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwira mankhwala omwe ali ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira chitetezo chamthupi. Ikhoza kuthandizanso ndi antiserum, gawo lamadzi lamagazi lomwe lili ndi ma antibodies omwe amapatsidwa kwa munthu kuti amuteteze ku majeremusi kapena zinthu zakupha.

Madzi a m'magazi ndi gawo loyera lamagazi. Mulibe maselo amwazi. Koma lili ndi mapuloteni ambiri, kuphatikiza ma antibodies, omwe amapangidwa ngati gawo la chitetezo chamthupi kuti ateteze ku matenda.

Antiserum amapangidwa kuchokera m'madzi am'magazi a munthu kapena nyama omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira kutengera matenda kapena chinthu chakupha. Antiserum itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza munthu yemwe wagwidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kulandira mtundu wina wa jakisoni wa antiserum:

• Ngati mwakhala mukudwala tetanus kapena chiwewe ndipo simunalandire katemerayu. Izi zimatchedwa katemera chabe.
• Ngati mwalumidwa ndi njoka yomwe imatulutsa poizoni wowopsa.

Pakudwala kwa seramu, chitetezo chamthupi chimazindikiritsa zabodza mapuloteni mu antiserum ngati mankhwala owopsa (antigen). Zotsatira zake ndi kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komwe kumayambitsa antiserum. Chitetezo cha mthupi komanso antiserum zimaphatikizana ndikupanga malo achitetezo amthupi, omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro za matenda a seramu.

Mankhwala ena (monga penicillin, cefaclor, ndi sulfa) angayambitsenso chimodzimodzi.

Mapuloteni ojambulidwa monga antithymocyte globulin (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ziwalo) ndi rituximab (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'magazi ndi khansa) imatha kuyambitsa matenda a serum.

Zogulitsa zamagazi zimayambitsanso matenda a seramu.

Mosiyana ndi ziwengo zina zamankhwala, zomwe zimachitika atangolandira mankhwalawo, matenda a seramu amayamba masiku 7 mpaka 21 mutadwala koyamba mankhwala. Anthu ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro m'masiku 1 kapena atatu ngati adziwa kale zamankhwala.

Zizindikiro za matenda a seramu zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Malungo
• Kumva kudandaula
• Ming'oma
• Kuyabwa
• Ululu wophatikizana
• Kutupa
• Kutupa ma lymph node

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa kuti ayang'ane ma lymph node omwe amakulitsidwa komanso ofewa kukhudza.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Mayeso a mkodzo
• Kuyezetsa magazi

Mankhwala, monga corticosteroids, opakidwa pakhungu amatha kuthana ndi kuyabwa komanso zotupa.

Ma antihistamine amatha kufupikitsa kutalika kwa matenda ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi kuyabwa.

Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs), monga ibuprofen kapena naproxen, amatha kupweteka. Corticosteroids yotengedwa pakamwa itha kulembedwa pamilandu yayikulu.

Mankhwala omwe adayambitsa vutoli ayenera kuyimitsidwa. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kapena antiserum mtsogolo.

Zizindikiro zimatha masiku ochepa.

Ngati mugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala kapena antiserum yomwe idayambitsanso matenda a seramu mtsogolo, chiopsezo chanu chodzachitanso chimodzimodzi chidzakhala chachikulu.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo:

• Kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi
• Kutupa kwa nkhope, mikono, ndi miyendo (angioedema)

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwalandira mankhwala kapena antiserum m'masabata 4 apitawa ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a seramu.

Palibe njira yodziwikiratu yoletsera kukula kwa matenda a seramu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la seramu kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito antiserum kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo mtsogolo.

Mankhwala ziwengo - seramu matenda; Thupi lawo siligwirizana - seramu matenda; Matupi awo sagwirizana - seramu matenda

• Ma antibodies

Frank MM, Hester CG. Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi matenda opatsirana. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 37.

Tsopano Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Sicherer SH. Matenda a Seramu. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 175.