Mphatso ya mafupa (stem cell)

Mafupa ndi minofu yofewa komanso yonenepa yomwe ili mkati mwa mafupa anu. Mafupa a mafupa amakhala ndi maselo amphongo, omwe ndi maselo osakhwima omwe amasandulika magazi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda owopsa, monga leukemia, lymphoma, ndi myeloma atha kuchiritsidwa ndimafupa. Izi tsopano zimatchedwa kuti stem cell kumuika. Pazithandizo zamtunduwu, mafupa amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wopereka. Nthawi zina, anthu amatha kupereka zawo m'mafupa.

Kupereka kwa mafupa a mafupa kumatha kuchitika mwina posonkhanitsa mafupa aopereka, kapena pochotsa maselo am'magazi aoperekayo.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zopereka za m'mafupa:

• Autologous mafupa kumuika ndi pamene anthu amapereka mafupa awoawo. "Auto" amatanthauza kudzikonda.
• Allogenic mafupa osanjikiza ndi pamene munthu wina amapereka mafupa. "Allo" amatanthauza zina.

Pogwiritsa ntchito allogenic, majini a woperekayo ayenera kufanana ndi majini a wolandirayo. Mbale kapena mlongo nthawi zambiri amatha kufanana. Nthawi zina makolo, ana, ndi abale ena amakhala machesi abwino. Koma ndi anthu 30% okha omwe amafunikira kumuika m'mafupa omwe angapeze wopezera ndalama m'mabanja mwawo.

Anthu 70% omwe alibe wachibale yemwe ndiwofananira atha kupeza imodzi kudzera m'kaundula wamafupa. Lalikulu kwambiri limatchedwa Be Match (bethematch.org). Imalembetsa anthu omwe angafune kupereka mafupa ndikusunga zidziwitso zawo mumndandanda. Madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kaundula kuti apeze omwe angapereke kwa munthu amene akufuna kumuwonjezera mafupa.

Momwe Mungalumikizire Registry Marrow Registry

Kuti mulembedwe m'kaundula wa zopereka za m'mafupa, munthu ayenera kukhala:

• Pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 60
• Wathanzi komanso wopanda pakati

Anthu amatha kulembetsa pa intaneti kapena pagalimoto yolembetsera omwe amapereka. Omwe ali pakati pa zaka 45 mpaka 60 ayenera kulowa nawo intaneti. Madalaivala am'deralo, mwa-okha amangovomereza omwe amapereka ali ochepera zaka 45. Maselo awo amtunduwu amathandiza odwala kuposa ma cell amtundu wa anthu achikulire.

Anthu omwe amalembetsa ayenera:

• Gwiritsani ntchito swab ya thonje kutenga zitsanzo za maselo kuchokera mkati mwa tsaya lawo
• Perekani pang'ono magazi (supuni 1 kapena mamililita 15)

Maselo kapena magazi amayesedwa ngati ali ndi mapuloteni apadera, otchedwa ma leukocytes antigen (HLA). Ma HLA amathandizira dongosolo lanu lomenyera matenda (chitetezo cha m'thupi) kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa minyewa ya thupi ndi zinthu zomwe sizili mthupi lanu.

Kusintha kwa mafupa a mafupa kumagwira ntchito bwino ngati ma HLA ochokera kwa woperekayo komanso wodwalayo ali ofanana. Ngati ma HLA opereka ndalama agwirizana bwino ndi munthu amene akufunika kumuika, woperekayo ayenera kupereka magazi atsopano kuti atsimikizire masewerawo. Kenako, mlangizi amakumana ndi woperekayo kuti akambirane njira zoperekera mafuta m'mafupa.

Maselo opangira ma donor amatha kusonkhanitsidwa m'njira ziwiri.

Zotumphukira zamagazi zamagulu zosonkhanitsira. Maselo ambiri opereka amatengedwa kudzera munjira yotchedwa leukapheresis.

• Choyamba, woperekayo amapatsidwa kuwombera masiku asanu kuti athandizire maselo am'magazi kupita m'mwazi.
• Pakusonkhanitsa, magazi amachotsedwa kwa woperekayo kudzera mu mzere mu mtsempha (IV). Gawo la maselo oyera amwazi omwe amakhala ndi tsinde limasiyanitsidwa pamakina ndikuchotsedwa kuti liperekedwe kwa wolandirayo.
• Maselo ofiira ofiira amabwezedwa kwa woperekayo kudzera mu IV ya mkono wina.

Njirayi imatenga pafupifupi maola atatu. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo:

• Kupweteka mutu
• Mafupa owawa
• Kusasangalala ndi singano mmanja

Kukolola mafupa. Kuchita opaleshoni yaying'ono kumachitika pansi pa anesthesia wamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti woperekayo adzakhala akugona komanso wopanda ululu panthawiyi. Mafupa amachotsedwa kumbuyo kwa mafupa anu a m'chiuno. Njirayi imatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi.

Pambuyo pokolola mafupa, woperekayo amakhala mchipatala mpaka atadzuka bwino ndikutha kudya ndi kumwa. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo:

• Nseru
• Mutu
• Kutopa
• Kukwapula kapena kusapeza bwino kumbuyo

Mutha kuyambiranso kuchita bwino pafupifupi sabata limodzi.

Pali zoopsa zochepa chabe kwa woperekayo ndipo sizikhala ndi zovuta zanthawi zonse. Thupi lanu lidzalowetsa m'malo omwe mwapereka mafupa pafupifupi 4 mpaka 6 milungu.

Kuika tsinde - chopereka; Mphatso ya Allogeneic; Khansa ya m'magazi - zopereka m'mafupa; Lymphoma - zopereka za m'mafupa; Myeloma - zopereka m'mafupa

Tsamba la American Cancer Society. Kupanga khungu la tsinde la khansa. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant.html. Idapezeka pa Novembala 3, 2020.

Fuchs E. Haploidentical hematopoietic kupatsidwa zina. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba.Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 106.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Kusintha kwama cell opangira magazi. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant/stem-cell-fact-sheet. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 12, 2013. Idapezeka pa Novembala 3, 2020.

• Kuika Bone Marrow
• Maselo Oyambira