Tularemia

Tularemia ndi matenda a bakiteriya mu makoswe amtchire. Mabakiteriya amapatsira anthu kudzera pakukhudzana ndi mnofu wa nyamayo. Mabakiteriya amathanso kupatsirana ndi nkhupakupa, ntchentche zoluma, ndi udzudzu.

Tularemia imayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya Francisella tularensis.

Anthu amatha kutenga matendawa kudzera:

• Kuluma kuchokera ku nkhupakupa, kachilomboka, kapena udzudzu
• Kupuma dothi lomwe lili ndi kachilombo kapena chomera
• Kukhudzana mwachindunji, kudzera pakuthyola khungu, ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka kapena mtembo wake (nthawi zambiri kalulu, muskrat, beaver, kapena gologolo)
• Kudya nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo (kawirikawiri)

Matendawa amapezeka ku North America ndi madera ena a ku Europe ndi Asia. Ku United States, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ku Missouri, South Dakota, Oklahoma, ndi Arkansas. Ngakhale miliri imatha ku United States, ndiyosowa.

Anthu ena amatha kudwala chibayo atapuma ndi dothi lomwe lili ndi kachilombo kapena chomera. Matendawa amadziwika kuti amapezeka ku Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts), komwe mabakiteriya amapezeka akalulu, ma raccoon, ndi skunks.

Zizindikiro zimayamba masiku atatu kapena asanu mutayonekera. Matendawa amayamba mwadzidzidzi. Zitha kupitilira milungu ingapo zizindikiro zitayamba.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Malungo, kuzizira, thukuta
• Kupsa mtima kwa diso (conjunctivitis, ngati matendawa adayamba m'diso)
• Mutu
• Kuuma pamodzi, kupweteka kwa minofu
• Malo ofiira pakhungu, kukulira kukhala zilonda zam'mimba
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Kuyesedwa kwa vutoli ndi monga:

• Chikhalidwe chamagazi cha mabakiteriya
• Kuyezetsa magazi kuyeza chitetezo cha mthupi (ma antibodies) ku matenda (serology for tularemia)
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Mayeso a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) achitsanzo kuchokera pachilonda

Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuchiza matenda omwe ali ndi maantibayotiki.

Maantibayotiki a streptomycin ndi tetracycline amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matendawa. Mankhwala ena, gentamicin, ayesedwa ngati njira ina m'malo mwa streptomycin. Gentamicin ikuwoneka ngati yothandiza kwambiri, koma yawerengedwa mwa anthu ochepa chifukwa ichi ndi matenda osowa. Maantibayotiki tetracycline ndi chloramphenicol atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha, koma nthawi zambiri samakhala chisankho choyamba.

Tularemia amapha pafupifupi 5% ya omwe sanalandire chithandizo, komanso ochepera 1% amathandizidwa.

Tularemia itha kubweretsa zovuta izi:

• Matenda a mafupa (osteomyelitis)
• Matenda a thumba mozungulira mtima (pericarditis)
• Kutenga ziwalo zomwe zimaphimba ubongo ndi msana (meningitis)
• Chibayo

Itanani woyang'anira zaumoyo wanu ngati zizindikiro zimayamba kulumidwa ndi makoswe, kuluma kwa nkhupakupa, kapena kukhudzana ndi mnofu wa nyama yakutchire.

Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizapo kuvala magolovesi mukamachekera kapena kuvala nyama zamtchire, komanso kukhala kutali ndi nyama zodwala kapena zakufa.

Malungo a Deerfly; Malungo a kalulu; Mliri wa Pahvant Valley; Matenda a Ohara; Yato-byo (Japan); Kutentha kwa lemming

• Mphalapala
• Nkhupakupa
• Chongani ophatikizidwa mu khungu
• Ma antibodies
• Mabakiteriya

Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, Kusinthidwa Kosintha. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 229.

Schaffner W. Tularemia ndi ena Francisella matenda. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 311.