Kuledzera kwa opioid

Mankhwala opioid amaphatikizapo morphine, oxycodone, ndi mankhwala (opangidwa ndi anthu) opioid narcotic, monga fentanyl. Amalangizidwa kuti azitha kupweteka atachitidwa opaleshoni kapena njira ya mano. Nthawi zina, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza chifuwa chachikulu kapena kutsegula m'mimba. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a heroin amakhalanso opioid. Akazunzidwa, ma opioid amachititsa kuti munthu akhale womasuka komanso wosangalala (euphoria). Mwachidule, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akhale okwera.

Kuledzera kwa opioid ndimkhalidwe womwe simumangogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, komanso mumakhala ndi zizindikilo zathupi lonse zomwe zingakupangitseni kudwala komanso kufooka.

Kuledzera kwa opioid kumatha kuchitika pomwe wothandizira zaumoyo atapatsa opioid, koma:

• Woperekayo sakudziwa kuti munthuyo akutenga kale opioid ina kunyumba.
• Munthuyo ali ndi vuto lathanzi, monga chiwindi kapena impso, zomwe zimatha kuledzera.
• Woperekayo amapereka mankhwala ogona (sedative) kuwonjezera pa opioid.
• Woperekayo sakudziwa kuti wothandizira wina adalemba kale opioid.

Mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma opioid kuti akhale okwera, kuledzera kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri
• Kugwiritsa ntchito opioid ndi mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala ogona kapena mowa
• Kutenga opioid m'njira zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri, monga kusuta kapena kupumira mpweya m'mphuno (kuwombera)

Zizindikiro zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Zizindikiro zakuledzera kwa opioid zitha kuphatikizira:

• Kusintha kwa malingaliro, monga kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kapena kuchepa kuzindikira kapena kuyankha
• Mavuto apuma (kupuma kumatha kuchepa ndipo pamapeto pake kuyima)
• Kugona kwambiri kapena kusazindikira
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Ophunzira ang'onoang'ono

Kuyesedwa komwe kumalamulidwa kumadalira chidwi cha woperekayo pazowonjezera zamankhwala. Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Kuyesa magazi
• Kujambula kwa ubongo kwa CT, ngati munthuyo ali ndi khunyu kapena atavulala mutu
• ECG (electrocardiogram) kuyeza zochitika zamagetsi mumtima
• X-ray pachifuwa kuti ayang'ane chibayo
• Kuwunika kwa Toxicology (poyizoni)

Woperekayo amayesa ndikuwunika zizindikilo zofunika za munthuyo, kuphatikiza kutentha, kugunda, kupuma, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zizindikiro zidzachitiridwa moyenera. Munthuyo akhoza kulandira:

• Chithandizo chopumira, kuphatikiza mpweya, kapena chubu chomwe chimadutsa mkamwa kupita m'mapapu ndikulumikizidwa ndi makina opumira
• Zamadzimadzi IV
• Mankhwala otchedwa naloxone (Evzio, Narcan) kuletsa zotsatira za opioid pamitsempha yapakati
• Mankhwala ena pakufunika

Popeza zotsatira za naloxone nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi, gulu lazachipatala limayang'anira wodwalayo kwa maola 4 mpaka 6 mu dipatimenti yadzidzidzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi zoledzeretsa pang'ono kapena pang'ono akhoza kulowetsedwa kuchipatala kwa maola 24 mpaka 48.

Kuwunika kwaumoyo kumafunika ngati munthuyo akufuna kudzipha.

Zinthu zambiri zimatsimikizira zotsatira zazifupi komanso zazitali pambuyo pa kuledzera kwa opioid. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Mlingo wa poyizoni, mwachitsanzo, ngati munthuyo wasiya kupuma, komanso kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji
• Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kangati
• Zotsatira zonyansa zosakanikirana ndi zinthu zosaloledwa
• Zovulala zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa
• Zochitika zachipatala

Mavuto azaumoyo omwe atha kupezeka ndi awa:

• Kuwonongeka kwamapapo kosatha
• Kugwidwa, kunjenjemera
• Kuchepetsa luso loganiza bwino
• Kusakhazikika komanso kuyenda movutikira
• Matenda kapena kuwonongeka kosatha kwa ziwalo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mankhwala

Kuledzera - opioids; Opioid nkhanza - kuledzera; Kugwiritsa ntchito opioid - kuledzera

Aronson JK. Opioid receptor agonists. Mu: Aronson JK, mkonzi. Zotsatira zoyipa za Meyler za Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Wolemba 16. Waltham, MA: Zotsalira; 2016: 348-380.

National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Opioids. www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids. Idapezeka pa Epulo 29, 2019.

National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Kodi zovuta zamankhwala zogwiritsa ntchito heroin zosatha ndizotani? www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-medical-complications-chronic-heroin-use. Idasinthidwa mu June 2018. Idapezeka pa Epulo 29, 2019.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 156.