Kuchotsa opiate ndi opioid

Opiates kapena opioid ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu. Mawu akuti narcotic amatanthauza mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala.

Mukasiya kapena kuchepetsa mankhwalawa mutagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri milungu ingapo kapena kupitilira apo, mudzakhala ndi zizindikilo zingapo. Izi zimatchedwa kuchotsa.

Mu 2018 ku United States, pafupifupi anthu 808,000 akuti adamwa heroin chaka chatha. Chaka chomwecho, pafupifupi anthu 11.4 miliyoni adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana popanda mankhwala. Kuchepetsa ululu wamankhwalawa ndi awa:

• Codeine
• Heroin
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• Methadone
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Morphine
• Oxycodone (Percocet kapena Oxycontin)

Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa matendawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu amadalira mankhwalawa kuti apewe kusiya. Popita nthawi, mankhwala ambiri amafunikira chimodzimodzi. Izi zimatchedwa kulekerera mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu akhale wodalira thupi lanu zimasiyanasiyana ndi munthu aliyense.

Munthuyo akasiya kumwa mankhwalawo, thupi limafunikira nthawi kuti lipezenso bwino. Izi zimayambitsa zizindikiritso zakutha. Kutaya ma opiate kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse kuyimitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zakuchoka ndizo:

• Kusokonezeka
• Nkhawa
• Kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kuchulukitsa
• Kusowa tulo
• Mphuno yothamanga
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kuyasamula

Zizindikiro zakumapeto kwake ndi izi:

• Kupunduka m'mimba
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Ophunzira opunduka
• Ziphuphu
• Nseru
• Kusanza

Zizindikirozi ndizovuta koma sizowopsa. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba mkati mwa maola 12 kuchokera ku heroin yomaliza komanso mkati mwa maola 30 otsiriza a methadone.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakuyesani ndikufunsani mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu yamankhwala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mkodzo kapena kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwonetse mankhwala kumatha kutsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito opiate.

Kuyesedwa kwina kumadalira nkhawa ya omwe amakupatsani mavuto ena. Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Mankhwala amagazi ndi mayeso a chiwindi monga CHEM-20
• CBC (kuwerengera kwathunthu magazi, kuyeza maselo ofiira ndi oyera, ndi ma platelet, omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana)
• X-ray pachifuwa
• ECG (electrocardiogram, kapena kutsata mtima)
• Kuyesedwa kwa hepatitis C, HIV, ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TB), monga anthu ambiri omwe amazunza ma opiates amakhalanso ndi matendawa

Kusiya nokha mankhwalawa kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kungakhale koopsa. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo mankhwala, upangiri, ndi chithandizo. Inu ndi omwe mumapereka mudzakambirana zolinga zanu zosamalira ndi chithandizo.

Kuchoka kumatha kuchitika m'malo angapo:

• Kunyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira yothandizira. (Njirayi ndi yovuta, ndipo kusiya kuyenera kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono.)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kuti athandize anthu omwe ali ndi detoxification (detox).
• Mu chipatala chanthawi zonse, ngati zizindikiro ndizovuta.

MANKHWALA

Methadone amathetsa zizindikiro zakutha ndipo amathandizira kuchotsa detox. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala okonza nthawi yayitali kuti azidalira opioid. Pambuyo pakukonzekera, mlingowo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa zizindikilo zobwerera m'mbuyo. Anthu ena amakhala pa methadone kwazaka.

Buprenorphine (Subutex) imathandizira kuchotsedwa kwa ma opiates, ndipo imatha kufupikitsa kutalika kwa detox. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza nthawi yayitali, monga methadone. Buprenorphine itha kuphatikizidwa ndi Naloxone (Bunavail, Suboxone, Zubsolv), yomwe imathandiza kupewa kudalira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika.

Clonidine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa, kusakhazikika, kupweteka kwa minofu, thukuta, mphuno, komanso kupindika. Sizithandiza kuchepetsa zilakolako.

Mankhwala ena akhoza:

• Chitani masanzi ndi kutsegula m'mimba
• Thandizani ndi kugona

Naltrexone zingathandize kupewa kuyambiranso. Amapezeka pamapiritsi kapena jakisoni. Komanso, zimatha kubweretsanso mwadzidzidzi komanso mwamphamvu ngati mutamamwa ma opioid akadali m'dongosolo lanu.

Anthu omwe amasiya kuchoka mobwerezabwereza ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi methadone yayitali kapena kukonza buprenorphine.

Anthu ambiri amafunikira chithandizo chanthawi yayitali atachotsa detox. Izi zitha kuphatikiza:

• Magulu othandiza, monga Narcotic Anonymous kapena SMART Recovery
• Uphungu wa kuchipatala
• Chithandizo chamankhwala cham'mayiko akunja (kuchipatala kwamasana)
• Chithandizo cha odwala

Aliyense amene akudwala matenda opha tizilombo ayenera kufufuzidwa ngati ali ndi vuto la matenda amisala. Kuthana ndi mavutowa kumatha kuchepetsa ngozi yoyambiranso. Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ayenera kuperekedwa ngati pakufunika kutero.

Magulu othandizira, monga Narcotic Anonymous ndi SMART Recovery, atha kukhala othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali osokoneza bongo:

• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Osadziwika - www.na.org
• Kubwezeretsa kwa SMART - www.smartrecovery.org

Kuchoka pa opiates kumakhala kowawa, koma nthawi zambiri sikukuwopseza moyo.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo kusanza ndi kupumira m'mimba m'mapapu. Izi zimatchedwa kukhumba, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mapapo. Kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba kumatha kuyambitsa kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kusokonezeka kwamankhwala amthupi ndi mchere (electrolyte).

Vuto lalikulu ndikubwerera kugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ambiri opiate overdose amafa amapezeka mwa anthu omwe angotulutsa kumene. Kuchotsa kumachepetsa kulolerana kwa munthuyo ndi mankhwalawa, chifukwa chake iwo omwe angodutsa kumene amatha kumwa mopitirira muyeso wocheperako kuposa momwe amadzitengera.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kapena mukusiya ma opiates.

Kuchotsa ma opioid; Kukhumudwa; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kuchotsa opiate; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kuchotsa opiate; Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kusiya opiate; Kuzunza mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kusiya opiate; Kuchotsa Methadone - opiate; Mankhwala opweteka - kuchotsa opiate; Kuzunzidwa kwa heroin - kuchotsa opiate; Kuzunza Morphine - kuchotsa opiate; Kuchotsa kwa oxide; Meperidine - kuchotsa opiate; Kuchotsa kwa Dilaudid - opiate; Oxycodone - kuchotsa opiate; Percocet - kuchotsa opiate; Oxycontin - kuchotsa opiate; Kuchotsa kwa hydrocodone - opiate; Detox - opiates; Kuchotsa poizoni - opiates

Kampman K, Jarvis M. American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) National Practice Guideline yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pochiza chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito opioid. J Addict Med. 2015; 9 (5): 358-367. PMID: 26406300 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26406300/.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 156.

Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kudalira. Mu: Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP, olemba. Rang ndi Dale's Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 50.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Ntchito Zoyang'anira Zaumoyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zizindikiritso zamaganizidwe ku United States: Zotsatira za Kafukufuku Wadziko Lonse wa 2018 Wogwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Thanzi. www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018.pdf. Idasinthidwa mu Ogasiti 2019. Idapezeka pa June 23, 2020.