Matenda Amwazi: Maselo Oyera Ndi Ofiira Amwazi, Ma Platelet ndi Plasma

Zamkati

• Kodi Zizindikiro Zazovuta Zam'magazi Ndi Ziti?
• Matenda ofiira a magazi
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Thalassemia
• Polycythemia vera
• Matenda oyera a magazi
• Lymphoma
• Khansa ya m'magazi
• Matenda a Myelodysplastic (MDS)
• Matenda a Platelet
• Von Willebrand matenda
• Chifuwa chachikulu
• Pulayimale thrombocythemia
• Matenda ogwirira ntchito
• Matenda a m'magazi
• Plasma selo myeloma
• Kodi matenda am'magazi amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi njira zamankhwala zothandizira matenda am'magazi ndi ziti?
• Mankhwala
• Opaleshoni
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Kodi matenda am'magazi ndi chiyani?

Matenda am'magazi ndimavuto omwe mumakhala vuto lanu ndi maselo ofiira, maselo oyera, kapena maselo ang'onoang'ono oyenda otchedwa ma platelet, omwe ndiofunikira pakupanga ma clot. Mitundu itatu yonse yamaselo imapangidwa m'mafupa, omwe ndi minofu yofewa yomwe ili mkati mwa mafupa anu. Maselo ofiira ofiira amatengera mpweya ku ziwalo ndi minofu yathu. Maselo oyera amathandiza thupi lanu kulimbana ndi matenda. Mipata imathandiza magazi anu kuundana. Matenda am'magazi amawononga kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mtundu umodzi kapena ingapo yamaselo amwazi.

Kodi Zizindikiro Zazovuta Zam'magazi Ndi Ziti?

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wamavuto am'magazi. Zizindikiro zofala zamatenda ofiira amwazi ndi:

• kutopa
• kupuma movutikira
• kuvuta kuyang'ana chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magazi okosijeni muubongo
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kugunda kwamtima

Zizindikiro zodziwika za matenda oyera am'magazi ndi:

• matenda aakulu
• kutopa
• kuonda kosadziwika
• malaise, kapena kudzimva kukhala wosakhala bwino

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zamatenda am'madzi ndi awa:

• mabala kapena zilonda zomwe sizichira kapena zimachedwa kuchira
• magazi omwe sawumitsa pambuyo povulala kapena kudula
• khungu lomwe limalalira mosavuta
• Kutulutsa magazi m'mphuno kosadziwika kapena kutuluka magazi m'kamwa

Pali mitundu yambiri yamavuto am'magazi omwe angakhudze thanzi lanu lonse.

Matenda ofiira a magazi

Matenda ofiira a magazi amakhudza maselo ofiira amthupi. Awa ndimaselo m'magazi anu omwe amanyamula mpweya kuchokera m'mapapu anu kupita ku thupi lanu lonse. Pali zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatha kukhudza ana ndi akulu omwe.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Kuchepa kwa magazi ndi mtundu umodzi wamatenda ofiira amwazi wamagazi. Kuperewera kwa chitsulo chamagazi m'magazi anu nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa vutoli. Thupi lanu limafuna chitsulo kuti apange protein ya hemoglobin, yomwe imathandizira ma cell ofiira ofiira (RBCs) kunyamula mpweya kuchokera m'mapapu anu kupita ku thupi lanu lonse. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

• Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi kwachitsulo: Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika pamene thupi lanu mulibe chitsulo chokwanira. Mutha kumva kutopa komanso kupuma movutikira chifukwa ma RBC anu sanyamula mpweya wokwanira m'mapapu anu. Iron supplementation nthawi zambiri imachiritsa matenda amtunduwu.
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi vuto lokhalokha lomwe thupi lanu silimatha kuyamwa vitamini B-12 wokwanira. Izi zimabweretsa ma RBC ochepa. Amatchedwa "owopsa," kutanthauza kuti ndi owopsa, chifukwa kale anali osachiritsika ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha. Tsopano, jakisoni wa B-12 nthawi zambiri amachiritsa kuchepa kwa magazi kwamtunduwu.
• Kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi: Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi ndi kovuta koma koopsa komwe mafupa anu amasiya kupanga maselo amwazi okwanira. Zitha kuchitika modzidzimutsa kapena pang'onopang'ono, komanso msinkhu uliwonse. Ikhoza kukusiyani mutatopa ndikulephera kulimbana ndi matenda kapena magazi osalamulirika.
• Kutulutsa magazi m'thupi mwokha (AHA): Kutulutsa magazi m'thupi mwokha (AHA) kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chanu chiwononge maselo anu ofiira mwachangu kuposa momwe thupi lanu lingalowetse m'malo mwake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi ma RBC ochepa.
• Kuchepetsa magazi m'thupi: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) ndi mtundu wa kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumatchula dzina lake kuchokera pachizoloŵezi chosazolowereka cha maselo ofiira ofiira. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini, maselo ofiira ofiira a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi ali ndi mamolekyulu achilengedwe a hemoglobin, omwe amawasiya olimba komanso opindika. Maselo ofiira ofiira ngati chikwakwa sangathe kunyamula mpweya wochuluka m'matupi anu monga momwe maselo ofiira amtundu wamba amatha. Zitha kukhalanso zolimba mumitsempha yanu yamagazi, kutsekereza magazi kulowa m'ziwalo zanu.

Thalassemia

Thalassemia ndi gulu la matenda obadwa nawo amwazi. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumalepheretsa kupanga hemoglobin yabwinobwino. Maselo ofiira a magazi alibe hemoglobin yokwanira, mpweya sufika m'mbali zonse za thupi. Ziwalo ndiye sizigwira ntchito moyenera. Izi zimatha kubweretsa:

• kufooka kwa mafupa
• kukulitsa ndulu
• mavuto amtima
• Kukula ndikukula kwakukula kwa ana

Polycythemia vera

Polycythemia ndi khansa yamagazi yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Ngati muli ndi polycythemia, mafupa anu amapanga maselo ofiira ochuluka kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi anu azithamanga komanso aziyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo cha magazi omwe angayambitse matenda amtima kapena sitiroko. Palibe mankhwala odziwika. Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo phlebotomy, kapena kuchotsa magazi m'mitsempha mwanu, ndi mankhwala.

Matenda oyera a magazi

Maselo oyera amagazi amateteza thupi ku matenda ndi zinthu zakunja. Matenda oyera am'magazi angakhudze chitetezo cha mthupi lanu komanso mphamvu yothana ndi matenda. Matendawa amatha kukhudza akulu ndi ana.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma ndi khansa yamagazi yomwe imapezeka m'thupi la mitsempha. Maselo anu oyera amasintha ndikukula. Hodgkin's lymphoma ndi non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya lymphoma.

Khansa ya m'magazi

Khansa ya m'magazi ndi khansa ya m'magazi momwe maselo oyera oyera owopsa amachulukana mkati mwa mafupa a thupi lanu. Khansa ya m'magazi ikhoza kukhala yovuta kapena yovuta. Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi amapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda a Myelodysplastic (MDS)

Matenda a Myelodysplastic (MDS) ndi omwe amakhudza maselo oyera am'mafupa anu. Thupi limapanga maselo ambiri osakhwima, otchedwa blast. Kuphulikako kumachulukitsa ndikusokoneza maselo okhwima komanso athanzi. Matenda a Myelodysplastic amatha kupita pang'onopang'ono kapena mwachangu. Nthawi zina zimayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi.

Matenda a Platelet

Ma platelet am'magazi ndi omwe akuyankha koyamba mukadulidwa kapena kuvulala kwina. Amasonkhana pamalo ovulalawo, ndikupanga pulagi yakanthawi kochepa kuti asiye kutaya magazi. Ngati muli ndi vuto la platelet, magazi anu ali ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu:

• Ma platelet osakwanira. Kukhala ndi ma platelet ochepa kwambiri ndi kowopsa chifukwa ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono kungayambitse magazi kwambiri.
• Ma platelet ochuluka kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi ma platelet ochuluka kwambiri m'magazi mwanu, kuundana kwamagazi kumatha kupanga ndikuletsa mtsempha waukulu, ndikupanga sitiroko kapena matenda amtima.
• Mapaleti omwe sawundana bwino. Nthawi zina, ma platelet opunduka sangathe kumamatira kumaselo ena amwazi kapena makoma amitsempha yanu, motero sangathe kuundana bwino. Izi zitha kuchititsanso kuwonongeka kowopsa kwa magazi.

Matenda a m'magazi makamaka amakhala majini, kutanthauza kuti adalandira. Zina mwazovuta izi ndi izi:

Von Willebrand matenda

Von Willebrand matenda ndi matenda obadwa nawo otuluka magazi. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa puloteni yomwe imathandizira magazi anu, otchedwa von Willebrand factor (VWF).

Chifuwa chachikulu

Hemophilia mwina ndiwodziwika bwino kwambiri wamagazi. Zimapezeka pafupifupi nthawi zonse mwa amuna. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la haemophilia ndikutaya magazi mopitilira muyeso komanso motalika. Kutaya magazi kumeneku kumatha kukhala mkati kapena kunja kwa thupi lanu. Kutuluka magazi kumatha kuyamba popanda chifukwa. Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mahomoni otchedwa desmopressin amtundu wofatsa A, omwe angalimbikitse kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zochepetsetsa, komanso kulowetsedwa kwa magazi kapena plasma ya mitundu B ndi C.

Pulayimale thrombocythemia

Primary thrombocythemia ndi matenda osowa omwe angayambitse magazi kuwundana. Izi zimakuyika pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha sitiroko kapena matenda amtima. Vutoli limachitika mafupa anu akamatulutsa ma platelet ambiri.

Matenda ogwirira ntchito

Mankhwala ena ndi zovuta zamankhwala zimatha kukhudzanso magwiridwe antchito am'magazi. Onetsetsani kuti mumagwirizanitsa mankhwala anu onse ndi dokotala wanu, ngakhale omwe mumadzisankhira nokha.Canadian Hemophilia Association (CHA) ichenjeza kuti mankhwala wamba omwewa amatha kukhudza ma platelet, makamaka ngati atatenga nthawi yayitali.

• aspirin
• anti-anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
• mankhwala ena
• mankhwala a mtima
• oonda magazi
• mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
• mankhwala opha ululu
• mankhwala oletsa

Matenda a m'magazi

Pali zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza ma plasma, mtundu wa maselo oyera amthupi mwanu omwe amapanga ma antibodies. Maselowa ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti thupi lanu lizitha kuteteza matenda ndi matenda.

Plasma selo myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma ndi khansa yosawerengeka yamagazi yomwe imayamba m'maselo a plasma m'mafupa. Maselo owopsa a m'magazi amadziphatika m'mafupa ndikupanga zotupa zotchedwa wanjanji, makamaka m'mafupa monga msana, chiuno, kapena nthiti. Maselo abwinobwino am'magazi amatulutsa ma antibodies osadziwika omwe amatchedwa mapuloteni a monoclonal (M). Mapuloteniwa amakula m'mafupa, ndikumachepetsa mapuloteni athanzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa magazi ndi impso. Chifukwa cha plasma cell myeloma sichidziwika.

Kodi matenda am'magazi amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu amatha kuyitanitsa mayeso angapo, kuphatikiza kuwerengera kwathunthu kwamagazi (CBC) kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mtundu uliwonse wamaselo amwazi omwe muli nawo. Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa biopsy ya m'mafupa kuti awone ngati pali maselo achilendo omwe akukhala m'mafupa anu. Izi ziphatikizira kuchotsa pang'ono mafupa kuti ayesedwe.

Kodi njira zamankhwala zothandizira matenda am'magazi ndi ziti?

Ndondomeko ya chithandizo chanu imadalira chifukwa cha matenda anu, msinkhu wanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Dokotala wanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti akonze vuto lanu lama cell.

Mankhwala

Zina mwa njira zamankhwala zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo mankhwala monga Nplate (romiplostim) olimbikitsa mafupa kupanga ma platelet ochulukirapo m'matenda am'magazi. Pazovuta zamaselo oyera, maantibayotiki amatha kuthandiza kuthana ndi matenda. Zakudya zowonjezera monga iron ndi vitamini B-9 kapena B-12 zimatha kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa chakuchepa. Vitamini B-9 amatchedwanso folate, ndipo vitamini B-12 amadziwikanso kuti cobalamin.

Opaleshoni

Kusintha kwa mafupa a mafupa kumatha kukonza kapena kusintha m'malo mwake. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusamutsa maselo amtundu, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa woperekayo, kupita mthupi lanu kuti mothandizira mafupa anu ayambe kupanga maselo abwinobwino amwazi. Kuika magazi ndi njira ina yokuthandizani kuti musinthe maselo omwe atayika kapena owonongeka. Mukamayikidwa magazi, mumalandilidwa magazi athanzi kuchokera kwa woperekayo.

Njira ziwirizi zimafunikira njira zina kuti zichitike bwino. Opereka mafuta m'mafupa ayenera kufanana kapena kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mbiri yanu. Kuikidwa magazi kumafuna woperekayo wokhala ndi mtundu wamagazi woyenera.

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Matenda osiyanasiyana am'magazi amatanthauza kuti zomwe mumakumana nazo mukakhala ndi chimodzi mwazimenezi zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi munthu wina. Kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo chake ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zowonetsetsa kuti mukukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wathanzi ndi matenda am'magazi.

Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala zimasiyana kutengera munthu. Fufuzani zomwe mungachite, ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni mankhwala oyenera.

Kupeza gulu kapena mlangizi wokuthandizani kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe okhala ndi vuto lama cell amwazi kumathandizanso.