Chikonga ndi fodya

Chikonga chomwe chili mu fodya chimatha kusokoneza bongo monga mowa, cocaine, ndi morphine.

Fodya ndi chomera chomwe chimamera masamba ake, omwe amasuta, kutafuna, kapena kununkhiza.

Fodya uli ndi mankhwala otchedwa chikonga. Nikotini ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Anthu mamiliyoni ku United States atha kusiya kusuta. Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha osuta ndudu ku United States chatsika m’zaka zaposachedwapa, chiŵerengero cha anthu osuta fodya chawonjezeka pang’onopang’ono. Zinthu zosuta utsi zimayikidwa pakamwa, patsaya, kapena pakamwa ndikumayamwa kapena kutafunidwa, kapena kuyikidwa m'mphuno. Chikonga chomwe chimapezeka mu zinthuzi chimayamwa mofanana ndi kusuta fodya, ndipo kuledzera kumakhalabe kwamphamvu kwambiri.

Kusuta fodya komanso kusuta fodya kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nikotini kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana mthupi. Chitha:

• Kuchepetsa chilakolako - Kuopa kunenepa kumapangitsa anthu ena kusafuna kusiya kusuta.
• Limbikitsani mtima, lipatseni anthu chisangalalo, ndipo mwina pothana ndi kukhumudwa pang'ono.
• Lonjezerani ntchito m'matumbo.
• Pangani malovu ndi phlegm.
• Onjezani kugunda kwa mtima mozungulira kumenyedwa kwa 10 mpaka 20 pamphindi.
• Onjezani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi 5 mpaka 10 mm Hg.
• Mwinanso kuyambitsa thukuta, nseru, ndi kutsegula m'mimba.
• Limbikitsani kukumbukira komanso kukhala tcheru - Anthu omwe amasuta fodya nthawi zambiri amadalira fodya kuti awathandize kuchita ntchito zina kuti achite bwino.

Zizindikiro zakusuta kwa chikonga zimawoneka mkati mwa maola awiri kapena atatu mutagwiritsa ntchito fodya. Anthu omwe amasuta ndudu zazitali kwambiri kapena osuta ndudu zambiri tsiku lililonse amakhala ndi zizindikiritso zakusuta. Kwa iwo omwe asiya, zizindikilo zimafika pakadutsa masiku awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pake. Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• Kulakalaka kwambiri chikonga
• Nkhawa
• Matenda okhumudwa
• Kusinza kapena kuvuta kugona
• Maloto oyipa ndi maloto olota
• Kukhala womangika, wosakhazikika, kapena wokhumudwitsidwa
• Kupweteka mutu
• Kuchuluka kwa njala ndi kunenepa
• Mavuto akukhazikika

Mutha kuzindikira zina kapena zizindikilo izi posintha ndudu zamtundu wa nikotini wamba kapena kuchepetsa ndudu zomwe mumasuta.

Ndizovuta kusiya kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wopanda utsi, koma aliyense akhoza kutero. Pali njira zambiri zosiya kusuta.

Palinso zothandizira kukuthandizani kusiya. Achibale, abwenzi, ndi ogwira nawo ntchito atha kukhala othandizira. Kusiya fodya kumakhala kovuta ngati mukuyesera kuti muchite nokha.

Kuti muchite bwino, muyenera kufunadi kusiya. Anthu ambiri omwe asiya kusuta sanachite bwino kamodzi konse m'mbuyomu. Yesetsani kusawona zoyeserera zakale ngati zolephera. Awoneni ngati zokumana nazo.

Osuta fodya ambiri zimawavuta kusiya zizolowezi zonse zomwe adazipanga posuta.

Pulogalamu yosiya kusuta ikhoza kukulitsa mwayi wopambana. Mapulogalamuwa amaperekedwa ndi zipatala, madipatimenti azaumoyo, malo okhala, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi mabungwe adziko lonse.

Chithandizo chobwezeretsa chikonga chingathandizenso. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amapereka mankhwala ochepa a chikonga, koma palibe poizoni yemwe amapezeka mu utsi. Kusintha kwa chikonga kumabwera motere:

• Chingamu
• Opumira
• Zovala zapakhosi
• Kutulutsa m'mphuno
• Magamba achikopa

Mutha kugula mitundu yambiri ya cholowa m'malo mwa mankhwala.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amathanso kukupatsirani mitundu ina ya mankhwala kuti akuthandizeni kusiya. Varenicline (Chantix) ndi bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin) ndi mankhwala akuchipatala omwe amakhudza ma nicotine receptors muubongo.

Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuchotsa chilakolako cha chikonga ndikuchepetsa zizindikiritso zanu zakutha.

Akatswiri azaumoyo amachenjeza kuti ndudu zamagetsi zamagetsi sizothandiza kuti anthu azisuta. Sizikudziwika kuti nicotine ili m'makalata a e-cigarette ochuluka motani, chifukwa zambiri pazolemba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika.

Wothandizira anu akhoza kukulozerani kuti musiye mapulogalamu osuta. Izi zimaperekedwa ndi zipatala, madipatimenti azaumoyo, malo okhala, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi mabungwe adziko lonse.

Anthu omwe akuyesera kusiya kusuta nthawi zambiri amakhumudwa pomwe samakwanitsa poyamba. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri mukamayesetsa, ndizotheka kuchita bwino. Mukayambiranso kusuta mutayesa kusiya, musabwerere m'mbuyo. Onani zomwe zinagwira kapena sizinagwire ntchito, ganizirani njira zatsopano zosiya kusuta, ndikuyesanso.

Pali zifukwa zambiri zosiyira kusuta fodya. Kudziwa kuopsa koopsa chifukwa cha fodya kungakuthandizeni kusiya. Fodya ndi mankhwala okhudzana nawo atha kukulitsa chiopsezo chanu pamavuto akulu monga khansa, matenda am'mapapo, komanso matenda amtima.

Onani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukufuna kusiya kusuta, kapena mwatero kale ndipo mukukhala ndi zizindikiro zosuta. Wopereka wanu atha kuthandiza kuthandizira chithandizo.

Kutaya kwa chikonga; Kusuta - chizolowezi cha chikonga ndi kusiya; Fodya wopanda utsi - chizolowezi cha chikonga; Kusuta ndudu; Kusuta chitoliro; Fodya wopanda utsi; Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya; Kutafuna fodya; Kuledzera kwa chikonga ndi fodya

• Zovuta zaumoyo wa fodya

Benowitz NL, Brunetta PG. Kusuta koopsa ndi kusiya. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 46.

Rakel RE, Houston T. Chidakwa. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 49.

Siu AL; Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US. Njira zopewera kusuta fodya mwa akulu, kuphatikiza amayi apakati: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163 (8): 622-634. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 26389730 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389730/.