Kusagwirizana kwa ABO

A, B, AB, ndi O ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu yamagazi. Mitunduyi imachokera kuzinthu zazing'ono (mamolekyulu) pamwamba pamaselo amwazi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu umodzi wamagazi amalandila magazi kuchokera kwa munthu wosiyana ndi magazi, zimatha kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi chawo. Izi zimatchedwa kusagwirizana kwa ABO.

Chifukwa cha njira zamakono zoyesera, vutoli ndilosowa kwambiri.

Magazi osiyanasiyana ndi awa:

• Lembani A
• Mtundu B
• Lembani AB
• Lembani O

Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu umodzi wamagazi amatha kupanga mapuloteni (ma antibodies) omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chawo chithe motsutsana ndi mitundu ina yamagazi.

Kudziwidwa ndi mtundu wina wamagazi kumatha kuyambitsa. Izi ndizofunikira pomwe wina akufuna kulandira magazi (kuthiridwa magazi) kapena kumuika chiwalo. Mitundu yamagazi iyenera kukhala yogwirizana kuti tipewe kusayenderana kwa ABO.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa A amayankha motsutsana ndi mtundu wa B kapena magazi a AB.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa B amayankha motsutsana ndi mtundu wa A kapena magazi a AB.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa O samvera mtundu wa A, mtundu B, kapena mtundu wamagazi a AB.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa AB sachita chilichonse motsutsana ndi mtundu A, mtundu B, mtundu wa AB, kapena mtundu wamagazi O.

Magazi amtundu wa O samayambitsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi akapatsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa A, mtundu B, kapena mtundu wa magazi a AB. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maselo O amtundu wa O amatha kuperekedwa kwa anthu amtundu uliwonse wamagazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi amtundu wa O amatchedwa opereka chilengedwe chonse. Koma anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa O amatha kulandira magazi a mtundu O okha.

Kuika magazi ndi plasma kuyenera kufanana kuti tipewe chitetezo chamthupi. Asanalandire magazi, magazi komanso munthu amene amawalandira amayesedwa mosamala kuti asatengeke. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimachitika zimachitika chifukwa cholakwitsa kwachipembedzo komwe kumapangitsa wina kulandira magazi osagwirizana.

Izi ndi zizindikiro za ABO zosagwirizana ndi kuthiridwa magazi:

• Kupweteka kumbuyo kwenikweni
• Magazi mkodzo
• Kuzizira
• Kumva "chiwonongeko chomwe chayandikira"
• Malungo
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kuchuluka kwa kugunda kwa mtima
• Ululu pamalo olowetsedwa
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Chizungulire
• Bronchospasm (kuphipha kwa minofu yolumikizira m'mapapo; imayambitsa chifuwa)
• Khungu lachikaso ndi azungu amaso (jaundice)
• Pachimake impso kulephera
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kufalitsa kugunda kwamitsempha yamagazi (DIC)

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Mayeso amwazi nthawi zambiri amawonetsa:

• Mulingo wa bilirubin ndiwokwera
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC) kumawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira kapena kuchepa kwa magazi
• Magazi a wolandirayo ndi wopereka sagwirizana
• Kutalika kwa lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Okwera magazi urea asafe (BUN) ndi creatinine; pakavulala aimpso
• Nthawi yayitali ya prothrombin kapena nthawi yaying'ono ya thromboplastin (zotsatira za DIC)
• Kuyesa kwabwino kwa antiglobulin test (DAT)

Kuyezetsa mkodzo kumawonetsa kupezeka kwa hemoglobin chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira amwazi.

Ngati angayankhe chilichonse, kuthiridwa magazi kuyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa (antihistamines)
• Mankhwala omwe amachiza kutupa ndi chifuwa (steroids)
• Madzi operekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (kudzera m'mitsempha)
• Mankhwala okweza kuthamanga kwa magazi akagwa kwambiri

Kusagwirizana kwa ABO kumatha kukhala vuto lalikulu lomwe limatha kubweretsa imfa. Ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso munthawi yake, kuchira kwathunthu kumayembekezeredwa.

Zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo ndi izi:

• Impso kulephera
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumafuna chisamaliro chachikulu
• Imfa

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati mwalandira magazi pang'ono kapena kumuika magazi posachedwa ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro zosagwirizana za ABO.

Kuyesedwa mosamala kwa mitundu ya magazi omwe amaperekedwa ndi omwe amalandila asanathiridwe kapena kuikidwa kumatha kuteteza vutoli.

Kuika magazi - hemolytic; Pachimake hemolytic kuikidwa anachita; AHTR; Kusagwirizana kwamagazi - ABO

• Mwana wakhanda
• Ma antibodies

Kaide CG, Thompson LR. Mankhwala othandizira: magazi ndi zinthu zamagazi. Mu: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, olemba., Eds. Ndondomeko Zachipatala za Roberts ndi Hedges mu Emergency Medicine ndi Acute Care. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 28.

Manis JP. Zigawo zamagazi, kuwunika kwa omwe amapereka magazi, komanso kusintha kwa magazi. Mu: Rifai N, mkonzi. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry ndi Molecular Diagnostics. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: chap 81.

Nester T. Chithandizo chazigawo zamagazi ndikusintha kwa magazi. Mu: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, olemba., Eds. Therapy Yamakono ya Conn 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 394-400.