Kugonana kotereku

Matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana amapatsirana kudzera m'mabanja kudzera m'modzi mwa ma X kapena Y chromosomes. X ndi Y ndi ma chromosomes ogonana.

Cholowa chambiri chimapezeka pamene jini yosazolowereka kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi imayambitsa matenda, ngakhale jini lofananira ndi kholo linalo ndilabwino. Mtundu wabwinobwino umalamulira.

Koma mu cholowa chambiri, mitundu yonse yofananira iyenera kukhala yachilendo kuyambitsa matenda. Ngati jini imodzi yokha mwa awiriwa siyachilendo, matendawa samachitika kapena ndi ofatsa. Wina yemwe ali ndi jini imodzi yachilendo (koma alibe zizindikiro) amatchedwa wonyamula. Onyamula amatha kupatsira ana awo chibadwa chachilendo.

Mawu oti "ogonana okhathamira" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza zochulukitsa zolumikizidwa ndi X.

Matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amapezeka ndi X nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amuna. Amuna ali ndi chromosome imodzi yokha ya X.Jini imodzi yokha yomwe imayambitsa matendawa imayambitsa matendawa.

Chromosome Y ndi theka lina la ma XY gene mwa amuna. Komabe, chromosome Y mulibe majini ambiri a X chromosome. Chifukwa cha izi, sateteza wamphongo. Matenda monga hemophilia ndi Duchenne muscular dystrophy amapezeka kuchokera ku jini yochulukirapo pa X chromosome.

ZOCHITIKA ZOTHANDIZA

Mimba iliyonse, ngati mayi ali ndi chonyamulira cha matenda ena (ali ndi X chromosome imodzi yokhayo) ndipo bambo siwonyamula matendawa, zotsatira zake ndi izi:

• 25% mwayi wamnyamata wathanzi
• 25% mwayi wamnyamata wodwala
• 25% mwayi wa mtsikana wathanzi
• 25% mwayi wamsungwana wonyamula wopanda matenda

Ngati abambo ali ndi matendawa ndipo mayi siwonyamula, zotsatira zomwe akuyembekeza ndi izi:

• 50% mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wathanzi
• 50% mwayi wokhala ndi msungwana wopanda matenda amene amamunyamula

Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe mwana wake yemwe angawonetse zizindikiro za matendawa, koma khalidweli likhoza kuperekedwa kwa zidzukulu zake.

ZOCHITIKA ZA X-LINK ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI KWA AKAZI

Amuna atha kutenga X yolumikizana ndi matenda, koma izi ndizochepa. Pakufunika jini yachilendo pa X chromosome kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse, chifukwa mkazi amakhala ndi ma chromosomes awiri a X. Izi zitha kuchitika m'malo awiri pansipa.

Mimba iliyonse, ngati mayi ali wonyamula ndipo bambo ali ndi matenda, zotsatira zomwe akuyembekeza ndi izi:

• 25% mwayi wamnyamata wathanzi
• 25% mwayi wamnyamata wodwala
• 25% mwayi wamsungwana wonyamula
• 25% mwayi wa msungwana yemwe ali ndi matendawa

Ngati mayi ndi bambo onse ali ndi matendawa, zotsatira zoyembekezeka ndi izi:

• 100% mwayi wamwana amene ali ndi matendawa, kaya ndi mnyamata kapena mtsikana

Zomwe zingakhale zovuta mwazigawo ziwirizi ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti matenda obwera chifukwa cha X nthawi zina amatchedwa matenda amphongo okha. Komabe, izi sizolondola.

Onyamula azimayi amatha kukhala ndi X chromosome yabwinobwino yomwe siyimitsidwa modabwitsa. Izi zimatchedwa "X-inactivation yokhotakhota." Azimayiwa atha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zofanana ndi za amuna, kapena atha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zochepa chabe.

Cholowa - cholumikizira kugonana; Chibadwa - chophatikizika chogonana; X yolumikizidwa kwambiri

• Chibadwa

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