Mlembi: Charles Brown
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 2 Febuluwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 22 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Sickle cell anemia: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo - Thanzi
Sickle cell anemia: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo - Thanzi

Zamkati

Matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ofiira, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chikwakwa kapena theka la mwezi. Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, maselo ofiira am'madzi amalephera kunyamula mpweya, kuphatikiza pakuchulukitsa chiwopsezo chotsekereza chotengera cha magazi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe omwe asinthidwa, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kupweteka, kufooka komanso mphwayi.

Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amayenera kumwa nthawi yonse ya moyo kuti muchepetse zovuta, komabe machiritsowo amachitika pokhapokha pakuika maselo am'magazi a hematopoietic.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilo zodziwika bwino zamtundu wina uliwonse wa kuchepa kwa magazi, monga kutopa, kugona pogona ndi kugona, sickle cell anemia itha kuchititsanso zizindikilo zina, monga:


  • Kupweteka m'mafupa ndi mafupa chifukwa mpweya umafika pocheperako, makamaka kumapeto, monga manja ndi mapazi;
  • Mavuto a zowawa m'mimba, pachifuwa ndi m'chiuno, chifukwa cha kufa kwama cell a mafupa, ndipo atha kumalumikizidwa ndi malungo, kusanza ndi mkodzo wamdima kapena wamagazi;
  • Matenda pafupipafupichifukwa maselo ofiira amawononga ndulu, yomwe imathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda;
  • Kukula kwakanthawi ndikuchedwa kutha msinkhuchifukwa ma cell ofiira ofiira ochokera ku sickle cell anemia amapereka oxygen yochepa ndi michere kuti thupi likule ndikukula;
  • Maso achikopa ndi khungu chifukwa chakuti maselo ofiira "amafa" mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, mtundu wa bilirubin pigment umadzikundikira mthupi ndikupangitsa mtundu wachikaso pakhungu ndi m'maso.

Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka atatha miyezi inayi, koma matendawa amapezeka m'masiku oyamba amoyo, bola ngati khanda liyesa kuyesa kwa phazi la mwana. Dziwani zambiri za kuyesedwa kwa chidendene ndi matenda omwe amapezeka.


Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika poyesa phazi la mwana m'masiku oyamba amoyo wa mwanayo. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumatha kuyesa mtundu wotchedwa hemoglobin electrophoresis, womwe umafufuza kuti hemoglobin S ilipo komanso momwe imathandizira. Izi ndichifukwa choti zikapezeka kuti munthuyo ali ndi jini imodzi ya S, ndiye kuti, hemoglobin yamtundu wa AS, zikutanthauza kuti ndiwonyamula wa geni ya cell ya kuchepa kwa magazi, kutchulidwa kuti cell ya chikwakwa. Zikatero, munthuyo sangasonyeze zizindikiritso, koma ayenera kumutsatira poyesa mayeso a labotale.

Munthuyo akapezeka ndi HbSS, zikutanthauza kuti munthuyo ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi ndipo ayenera kuthandizidwa malinga ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala.

Kuphatikiza pa hemoglobin electrophoresis, matenda amtunduwu amatha kupangika kudzera muyeso ya bilirubin yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi mwa anthu omwe sanayese chidendene pobadwa, komanso kupezeka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira ngati chikwakwa, kupezeka kwa ma reticulocytes, basophilic speckles ndi hemoglobin mtengo pansi pamtengo woyenera, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 6 ndi 9.5 g / dL.


Zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi zamoyo, ndiye kuti, amabadwa ndi mwana ndipo amapatsira kuchokera kwa bambo kupita kwa mwana.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse munthu akapezeka ndi matendawa, amakhala ndi SS gene (kapena hemoglobin SS) yomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa amayi ake ndi abambo ake. Ngakhale makolo angawoneke athanzi, ngati bambo ndi mayi ali ndi jini la AS (kapena hemoglobin AS), lomwe limawonetsa wonyamula matendawa, omwe amatchedwanso kuti chikwakwa cha cell, pali mwayi woti mwanayo atenge matendawa ( 25% mwayi) kapena kukhala wonyamula (50% mwayi) wamatendawa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Mankhwala a sickle cell anemia amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndipo nthawi zina kuthiridwa magazi kumafunika.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi Penicillin mwa ana kuyambira miyezi iwiri mpaka zaka zisanu, kuti athetse zovuta monga chibayo, mwachitsanzo. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala opha ululu komanso odana ndi zotupa atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto panthawi yamavuto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba cha oxygen kuti chiwonjezere mpweya wamagazi ndikuthandizira kupuma.

Mankhwala a sickle cell anemia amayenera kuchitika kwa moyo wonse chifukwa odwalawo amatha kukhala ndi matenda pafupipafupi. Malungo atha kuwonetsa kuti ali ndi matenda, choncho ngati munthu amene ali ndi matenda a sickle cell anemia ali ndi malungo, ayenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo chifukwa amatha kudwala septicemia m'maola 24 okha, omwe atha kupha. Mankhwala ochepetsa kutentha kwa thupi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kudziwa zamankhwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kumuika m'mafupa ndi njira yothandizira, yomwe imawonetsedwa pazovuta zazikulu ndikusankhidwa ndi adotolo, omwe atha kubwera kudzachiza matendawa, komabe zimabweretsa zoopsa zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi. Dziwani momwe kusintha kwa mafupa kumachitikira komanso zoopsa zake.

Zovuta zotheka

Zovuta zomwe zingakhudze odwala omwe ali ndi sickle cell anemia atha kukhala:

  • Kutupa kwa malo olumikizana ndi manja ndi mapazi omwe amawasiya akutupa komanso kuwawa kwambiri ndikupunduka;
  • Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda chifukwa chotenga nawo nthata, zomwe sizimasefa magazi moyenera, motero kulola kupezeka kwa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya mthupi;
  • Kuwonongeka kwa impso, ndikuchulukirachulukira kwamikodzo, zimakhalanso zachizolowezi kuti mkodzo ukhale wamdima ndipo mwana azitha kugona pabedi mpaka msinkhu;
  • Mabala a miyendo omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza ndipo amafuna kuvala kawiri patsiku;
  • Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi komwe kumawonekera kudzera kuzizindikiro monga mtundu wachikaso m'maso ndi pakhungu, koma zomwe sizili hepatitis;
  • Mwala wamtengo wapatali;
  • Kuchepetsa masomphenya, zipsera, zilema ndi kutambasula m'maso, nthawi zina kumatha kubweretsa khungu;
  • Sitiroko, chifukwa chovuta magazi kuthirira ubongo;
  • Kulephera kwa mtima, ndi matenda a mtima, infarction ndi kung'ung'uza mtima;
  • Kukonda, komwe kumakhala kopweteka, kosazolowereka komanso kosalekeza kopanda kutsatira chikhumbo chakugonana kapena kukondweretsedwa, kofala mwa anyamata.

Kuikidwa magazi kumathanso kukhala nawo mbali yothandizirayi, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira omwe amafalitsidwa, ndipo kungowonjezera ma cell am'magazi a hematopoietic kumapereka chithandizo chokhacho chothetsera vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi, koma ndizizindikiro zochepa chifukwa cha kuopsa kokhudzana ndi ndondomeko.

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