Chemotherapy

Mawu akuti chemotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mankhwala opha khansa. Chemotherapy itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Chiritsani khansa
• Chepetsa khansa
• Pewani khansa kuti isafalikire
• Pezani zizindikiro zomwe khansa imayambitsa

MMENE CHEMOTHERAPY AMAPEREKEDWA

Kutengera mtundu wa khansa komanso komwe imapezeka, mankhwala a chemotherapy amatha kupatsidwa njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• Jekeseni kapena kuwombera minofu
• Jekeseni kapena zipolopolo pansi pa khungu
• Kulowa mumtsempha
• Kulowa mumtsempha (intravenous, kapena IV)
• Mapiritsi otengedwa pakamwa
• Amawombera m'madzi ozungulira msana kapena ubongo

Chemotherapy ikaperekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, catheter yopyapyala imatha kuyikidwa mumtsinje waukulu pafupi ndi mtima. Izi zimatchedwa mzere wapakati. Catheter imayikidwa panthawi ya opaleshoni yaying'ono.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya catheters, kuphatikizapo:

• Catheter wapakati
• Catheter wapakati wokhala ndi doko
• Makina oyikapo pamagetsi nthawi yayitali (PICC)

Mzere wapakati ukhoza kukhala mthupi nthawi yayitali. Iyenera kupukutidwa sabata iliyonse mpaka mwezi kuti ateteze magazi kuundana mkati mwa mzere wapakati.

Mankhwala amtundu wa chemotherapy amatha kuperekedwa nthawi imodzi kapena pambuyo pawo. Mankhwalawa amatha kulandiridwa asanafike, pambuyo, kapena nthawi ya chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa mozungulira. Izi zimatha kukhala tsiku limodzi, masiku angapo, kapena milungu ingapo kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthawi yopuma pomwe palibe chemotherapy yomwe imaperekedwa pakati pa kuzungulira kulikonse. Nthawi yopuma imatha kukhala masiku, masabata, kapena miyezi. Izi zimalola kuti thupi ndi magazi aziyambiranso musanafike mlingo wotsatira.

Nthawi zambiri, chemotherapy imaperekedwa kuchipatala chapadera kapena kuchipatala. Anthu ena amatha kulandira mankhwala a chemotherapy m'nyumba zawo. Ngati chemotherapy yapakhomo iperekedwa, anamwino azaumoyo kunyumba amathandizira ndi mankhwala ndi ma IV. Amene amalandira chemotherapy ndi abale awo aphunzitsidwa mwapadera.

MITUNDU YOSIYANA YA CHEMOTHERAPY

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chemotherapy ndi iyi:

• Chemotherapy yokhazikika, yomwe imagwira ntchito popha ma cell a khansa ndimaselo ena abwinobwino.
• Chithandizo choyenera ndi immunotherapy zero mkati mwa zolunjika (ma molekyulu) mkati kapena m'maselo a khansa.

ZOTSATIRA ZA CHEMOTHERAPY

Chifukwa mankhwalawa amayenda kudutsa m'magazi kupita mthupi lonse, chemotherapy imafotokozedwa ngati chithandizo chamthupi lonse.

Zotsatira zake, chemotherapy imatha kuwononga kapena kupha maselo abwinobwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo maselo am'mafupa, mafinya amtsitsi, ndi maselo amkati mkamwa ndi m'mimba.

Kuwonongeka uku kukuchitika, pakhoza kukhala zovuta. Anthu ena omwe amalandira chemotherapy:

• Amakhala ndi matenda ambiri
• Khalani otopa mosavuta
• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri, ngakhale pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku
• Kumva kupweteka kapena kufooka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha
• Mukhale ndi pakamwa pouma, zilonda mkamwa, kapena kutupa pakamwa
• Osakhala ndi njala yochepa kapena onenepa
• Khalani ndi vuto m'mimba, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba
• Amataya tsitsi lawo
• Mukhale ndi zovuta pakuganiza komanso kukumbukira ("chemo brain")

Zotsatira zoyipa za chemotherapy zimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza mtundu wa khansa komanso mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Munthu aliyense amachita mosiyana ndi mankhwalawa. Mankhwala ena atsopano a chemotherapy omwe amayang'ana bwino ma cell a khansa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zochepa kapena zina.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akufotokozerani zomwe mungachite kunyumba kuti mupewe kapena kuchiza zovuta zina. Izi ndi monga:

• Kusamala ziweto ndi nyama zina kuti mupewe kutenga matenda kuchokera kwa iwo
• Kudya zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira ndi zomanga thupi kuti mukhale wonenepa
• Kuteteza magazi, ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati magazi akutuluka
• Kudya ndi kumwa mosamala
• Kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri ndi sopo

Muyenera kukhala ndi maulendo obwereza ndi omwe amakupatsani nthawi ndi chemotherapy. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi kuyerekezera kwa kujambula, monga ma x-ray, MRI, CT, kapena PET scans zithandizidwa:

• Onetsetsani momwe chemotherapy ikugwirira ntchito
• Onetsetsani kuwonongeka kwa mtima, mapapo, impso, magazi, ndi ziwalo zina za thupi

Khansa chemotherapy; Mankhwala a khansa; Mankhwala a cytotoxic chemotherapy

• Pambuyo chemotherapy - kumaliseche
• Chemotherapy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Ma chitetezo amthupi

[Adasankhidwa] Collins JM. Khansa pharmacology. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 25.

Doroshow JH. Yandikirani kwa wodwala khansa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 169.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chemotherapy yochizira khansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 29, 2015. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 5, 2020.