Chitetezo cha chakudya

Chitetezo cha chakudya chimatanthauza zomwe zimachitika komanso zomwe zimasunga chakudya. Izi zimalepheretsa kuipitsidwa komanso matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Chakudya chitha kukhala ndi matenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zakudya zina zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya kapena majeremusi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kufalitsa nthawi yonyamula ngati zakudya sizikuyendetsedwa bwino. Kuphika mosaphika, kuphika, kapena kusunga chakudya kumatha kuyipitsanso.

Kusamalira bwino, kusunga, ndi kuphika chakudya kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.

Zakudya zonse zitha kuipitsidwa. Zakudya zowopsa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo nyama zofiira, nkhuku, mazira, tchizi, zopangidwa ndi mkaka, zophukira zosaphika, ndi nsomba yaiwisi kapena nkhono.

Njira zosatetezera chakudya zimatha kudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya. Zizindikiro za matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya zimasiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto am'mimba kapena kukhumudwa m'mimba. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya atha kukhala owopsa komanso owopsa. Ana aang'ono, achikulire, amayi apakati, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Ngati manja anu ali ndi mabala kapena zilonda, valani magolovesi oyenera kusamalira chakudya kapena pewani kuphika. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya muyenera kusamba m'manja mokwanira:

• Asanadye kapena atagwira chakudya chilichonse
• Mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi kapena kusintha matewera
• Pambuyo pokhudza nyama

Pofuna kupewa zakudya zowononga mtanda muyenera:

• Sambani matabwa ndi ziwiya zonse ndi madzi otentha ndi sopo mukatha kukonza chakudya chilichonse.
• Patulani nyama, nkhuku, ndi nsomba kuchokera kuzakudya zina mukamakonzekera.

Kuchepetsa mwayi wa poyizoni wazakudya, muyenera:

• Phikani chakudya kutentha koyenera. Chongani kutentha ndi thermometer mkati kwambiri, osati pamwamba. Nkhuku, nyama zonse zapansi, ndi nyama zonse zophikidwa ziyenera kuphikidwa kutentha kwapakati pa 165 ° F (73.8 ° C). Zakudya zam'madzi ndi nyama zophika kapena nyama yofiira iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka kutentha kwa 145 ° F (62.7 ° C). Bweretsani zotsalira mpaka kutentha kwamkati osachepera 165 ° F (73.8 ° C). Kuphika mazira mpaka zoyera ndi yolk zakhazikika. Nsomba ziyenera kukhala zowoneka bwino komanso zosavuta kuzimitsa.
• Firiji kapena kuzizira chakudya mwachangu. Sungani chakudya pa kutentha koyenera mwamsanga mutagula. Gulani katundu wanu kumapeto kwa ntchito yanu m'malo moyambira. Zotsalira ziyenera kukhala m'firiji pasanathe maola awiri mutatumikira. Sunthirani zakudya zotentha muzotengera zazikulu kuti ziziziziritsa mwachangu. Sungani zakudya zowuma mufiriji mpaka zitakonzeka kuti zisungunuke ndi kuphika. Ikani zakudya mu furiji kapena pansi pamadzi ozizira (kapena mu microwave ngati chakudyacho chiphikidwa mukangosungunuka); musasungunule zakudya pakauntala kutentha.
• Lembani zotsalira momveka bwino ndi tsiku lomwe adakonzekera ndikusunga.
• Osadula nkhungu pachakudya chilichonse ndikuyesera kudya mbali zomwe zimawoneka "zotetezeka". Nkhungu imatha kupitilira mu chakudya kuposa momwe mukuwonera.
• Chakudya amathanso kuipitsidwa asanagule. Yang'anirani ndipo musagule kapena kugwiritsira ntchito chakudya chachikale, chakudya chomwe chili m'matumba ndi chisindikizo chophwanyika, kapena zitini zomwe zili ndi chotupa kapena chopindika. Musagwiritse ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo kapena mawonekedwe achilendo, kapena zosavomerezeka.
• Konzani zakudya zamzitini m'nyumba zoyera. Samalani kwambiri mukamamata. Zakudya zamzitini zapakhomo ndizomwe zimayambitsa botulism.

Chakudya - ukhondo ndi ukhondo

Ochoa TJ, Chea-Woo E. Njira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba komanso poyizoni wazakudya. Mu: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, olemba. Feigin ndi Cherry's Bookbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 44.

Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ku United States. Chitetezo Chakudya ndi Ntchito Yoyang'anira. Kusunga chakudya pangozi pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/emergency-preparedness/keeping-food-safe-during-an-emergency/ CT_Index. Idasinthidwa pa Julayi 30, 2013. Idapezeka pa Julayi 27, 2020.

Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States. Chitetezo cha chakudya: ndi mitundu ya zakudya. www.chukwirilo.gov/keep/types/index.html. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 1, 2019. Idapezeka pa Epulo 7, 2020.

Wong KK, Griffin PM. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 101.