Hemoglobin electrophoresis

Hemoglobin ndi puloteni yomwe imanyamula mpweya wamagazi. Hemoglobin electrophoresis imayesa milingo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya puloteni iyi m'magazi.

Muyenera kuyesa magazi.

Labu, waluso amaika magazi ake papepala lapadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Ma hemoglobin amapita pamapepala ndikupanga magulu omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yamtundu uliwonse.

Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kuyenera kuyesedwa.

Pamene singano imayikidwa kuti ikoke magazi, anthu ena amamva kupweteka pang'ono. Ena amangomva kuluma kapena kuluma. Pambuyo pake, pakhoza kukhala kupunduka kapena kuvulala pang'ono. Izi posachedwa zichoka.

Mutha kukhala ndi mayesowa ngati wothandizira zaumoyo akukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa hemoglobin (hemoglobinopathy).

Pali mitundu yambiri ya hemoglobin (Hb). Zowonjezeka kwambiri ndi HbA, HbA2, HbE, HbF, HbS, HbC, HbH, ndi HbM. Akuluakulu athanzi amakhala ndi ma HbA ndi HbA2 okha.

Anthu ena amathanso kukhala ndi HbF yocheperako. Uwu ndiye mtundu waukulu wa hemoglobin mthupi la mwana wosabadwa. Matenda ena amathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa HbF (pomwe HbF imaposa 2% ya hemoglobin yonse).

HbS ndi mtundu wosazolowereka wa hemoglobin wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli, ma cell ofiira ofiira nthawi zina amakhala ndi mphira kapena chikwakwa. Maselowa amathyoledwa mosavuta kapena amatha kutseka mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi.

HbC ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa hemoglobin yokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Zizindikiro zake ndizocheperako kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi sickle cell anemia.

Ma molekyulu ena a Hb, omwe si ofala kwenikweni, amayambitsa mitundu ina ya kuchepa kwa magazi.

Kwa achikulire, awa ndi magawo wamba a mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana a hemoglobin:

• HbA: 95% mpaka 98% (0.95 mpaka 0.98)
• HbA2: 2% mpaka 3% (0.02 mpaka 0.03)
• HbE: Kulibe
• HbF: 0.8% mpaka 2% (0.008 mpaka 0.02)
• HbS: Kulibe
• HbC: Kulibe

Kwa makanda ndi ana, awa ndi magawo wamba a mamolekyulu a HbF:

• HbF (wakhanda): 50% mpaka 80% (0.5 mpaka 0.8)
• HbF (miyezi 6): 8%
• HbF (yoposa miyezi 6): 1% mpaka 2%

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa ma labotore osiyanasiyana. Ma lab ena amagwiritsa ntchito miyeso yosiyanasiyana kapena amatha kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyeserera.

Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobins yachilendo kumatha kuwonetsa:

• Matenda a Hemoglobin C.
• Kawirikawiri hemoglobinopathy
• Matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi
• Matenda am'magazi omwe thupi limapanga hemoglobin (thalassemia)

Mutha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabodza zabwinobwino kapena zosazolowereka ngati mudathiridwa magazi mkati mwa masabata 12 a mayeso awa.

Pali chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chokhudzidwa ndi magazi anu. Mitsempha ndi mitsempha imasiyana mosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa munthu wina kupita kwina komanso kuchokera mbali imodzi ya thupi kupita mbali inayo. Kutenga magazi kuchokera kwa anthu ena kumatha kukhala kovuta kuposa ena.

Zowopsa zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikutengedwa magazi ndizochepa koma mwina ndi izi:

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri
• Kukomoka kapena kumva mopepuka
• Hematoma (magazi omanga pansi pa khungu)
• Kutenga (chiopsezo chochepa nthawi iliyonse khungu likasweka)

Hb electrophoresis; Hgb electrophoresis; Electrophoresis - hemoglobin; Thallasemia - electrophoresis; Sickle cell - electrophoresis; Hemoglobinopathy - electrophoresis

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Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, mavuto a Banki K. Erythrocytic. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 32.

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