Kusintha kwa ukalamba pakupanga mahomoni

Dongosolo la endocrine limapangidwa ndi ziwalo ndi minofu yomwe imatulutsa mahomoni. Mahomoni ndi mankhwala achilengedwe opangidwa pamalo amodzi, amatulutsidwa m'magazi, kenako amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe ena.

Mahomoni amalamulira ziwalo zolunjika. Zida zina zimakhala ndi machitidwe awo olamulira mkati komanso, kapena m'malo mwake, mahomoni.

Tikamakalamba, kusintha kwachilengedwe kumachitika mwanjira zoyendetsera thupi. Mitundu ina yolumikizira imayamba kuchepa ndi mahomoni olamulira. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa kumasinthanso.

Magazi a mahomoni ena amakula, ena amachepetsa, ndipo ena sasintha. Mahomoni amathanso kuwonongeka (kupangidwira thupi) pang'onopang'ono.

Ziwalo zambiri zomwe zimatulutsa mahomoni zimayang'aniridwa ndi mahomoni ena. Kukalamba kumasinthanso njirayi. Mwachitsanzo, khungu la endocrine limatha kutulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono tating'ono kuposa momwe limapangira ali aang'ono, kapena limatulutsa chimodzimodzi pang'onopang'ono.

ZINTHU ZOKalamba ZASINTHA

Hypothalamus imapezeka muubongo. Amapanga mahomoni omwe amayang'anira mbali zina zam'magazi, kuphatikizapo matenda a pituitary. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni owongolerawa kumafanana, koma kuyankha kwa ziwalo za endocrine kumatha kusintha tikamakalamba.

Matenda a pituitary amapezeka pansipa (anterior pituitary) kapena mu (posterior pituitary) ubongo. England iyi imakula msinkhu wapakatikati ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuchepa. Ili ndi magawo awiri:

• Gawo lakumbuyo (kumbuyo) limasunga mahomoni opangidwa mu hypothalamus.
• Mbali yakutsogolo (yakunja) imapanga mahomoni omwe amakhudza kukula, chithokomiro (TSH), adrenal cortex, mazira, ma testes, ndi mabere.

Chithokomiro chili pakhosi. Amapanga mahomoni omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kagayidwe kake. Ndikakalamba, chithokomiro chimatha kukhala chotupa (nodular). Metabolism imachedwetsa pakapita nthawi, kuyambira pafupifupi zaka 20. Chifukwa mahomoni a chithokomiro amapangidwa ndikuphwanyidwa (kupangidwenso) chimodzimodzi, kuyesa kwa ntchito ya chithokomiro nthawi zambiri kumakhalabe kwachilendo. Kwa anthu ena, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumatha kukwera, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chakufa ndi matenda amtima.

Matenda a parathyroid ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala pafupi ndi chithokomiro. Mahomoni otchedwa parathyroid amakhudza calcium ndi phosphate, yomwe imakhudza mphamvu ya mafupa. Mahomoni a parathyroid amakula ndi msinkhu, zomwe zimathandizira kufooka kwa mafupa.

Insulini imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Amathandiza shuga (shuga) kuchoka m'magazi kupita mkati mwa maselo, komwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu.

Mulingo wambiri wosala kudya wa glucose umakwera mamiligalamu 6 mpaka 14 pa deciliter (mg / dL) pakatha zaka 10 zilizonse ali ndi zaka 50 pomwe ma cell amayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha insulin. Mlingo ukafika pa 126 mg / dL kapena kupitilira apo, munthuyo amadziwika kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zilonda za adrenal zili pamwamba pa impso zokha. Cortex ya adrenal, yomwe imakhala pamwamba pake, imatulutsa mahomoni a aldosterone, cortisol, ndi dehydroepiandrosterone.

• Aldosterone imayendetsa kayendedwe ka madzimadzi ndi ma electrolyte.
• Cortisol ndi "hormone reaction". Zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa shuga, mapuloteni, ndi mafuta, ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa komanso zotsutsana ndi zovuta.

Kutulutsa kwa Aldosterone kumachepa ndi zaka. Kuchepetsa uku kumatha kuchititsa kuti mutu ukhale wopepuka komanso kutsika kwa magazi posintha mwadzidzidzi (orthostatic hypotension) Kutulutsidwa kwa Cortisol kumachepetsanso ukalamba, koma mulingo wamagazi wamahomoni amakhalabe ofanana. Magulu a Dehydroepiandrosterone amathanso kutsika. Zotsatira zakugwa uku mthupi sizikudziwika.

Mazira ndi ma testes ali ndi ntchito ziwiri. Amapanga maselo oberekera (ova ndi umuna). Amapangidwanso mahomoni ogonana omwe amawongolera mawonekedwe achiwerewere, monga mabere ndi tsitsi lakumaso.

• Ndi ukalamba, amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi testosterone yotsika.
• Amayi amakhala ndi ma estradiol ochepa komanso mahomoni ena a estrogen atatha kusamba.

ZOTSATIRA ZOSINTHA

Ponseponse, mahomoni ena amachepetsa, ena sasintha, ndipo ena amakula ndi msinkhu. Mahomoni omwe nthawi zambiri amachepetsa ndi awa:

• Aldosterone
• Kalcitonin
• Hormone yakukula
• Renin

Kwa akazi, milingo ya estrogen ndi prolactin nthawi zambiri imachepa kwambiri.

Mahomoni omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osasinthika kapena amachepa pang'ono ndi awa:

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine
• Insulini
• Mahomoni a chithokomiro T3 ndi T4

Magulu a testosterone nthawi zambiri amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono amuna akamakalamba.

Mahomoni omwe angakwere ndi awa:

• Hormone yolimbikitsa (FSH)
• Mahomoni a Luteinizing (LH)
• Norepinephrine
• Mahomoni a Parathyroid

NKHANI ZOKHUDZA

• Kusintha kwa ukalamba kumatenda
• Kukalamba kumasintha kwa ziwalo, minofu, ndi maselo
• Kusintha kwa ukalamba mu njira yoberekera yamwamuna
• Kusamba

• Kusamba
• Matupi achikazi oberekera

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(Adasankhidwa) Brinton RD. Neuroendocrinology ya ukalamba. Mu: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: mutu 13.

Lobo RA. Kusamba ndi ukalamba. Mu: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, olemba. Endocrinology Yobereka ya Yen & Jaffe. 8th ed. Zowonjezera; 2019: chaputala 14.

Walston JD. Zolemba zofananira zamankhwala zakukalamba. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 22.