Chiwindi B - ana

Hepatitis B mwa ana ndi kutupa ndi kutupa minofu ya chiwindi chifukwa chotenga kachilombo ka hepatitis B (HBV).

Matenda ena ofala a chiwindi ndi hepatitis A ndi hepatitis C.

HBV imapezeka m'magazi kapena madzi amthupi (umuna, misozi, kapena malovu) a munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa mulibe mu chopondapo (ndowe).

Mwana amatha kutenga HBV kudzera pakukhudzana ndi magazi kapena madzi amthupi a munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Chiwonetsero chitha kuchitika kuchokera:

• Mayi yemwe ali ndi HBV panthawi yobadwa. Sizimawoneka kuti HBV imaperekedwa kwa mwana wosabadwa akadali m'mimba mwa mayi.
• Kuluma kwa munthu wodwala matendawa komwe kumaswa khungu.
• Magazi, malovu, kapena madzi aliwonse amthupi ochokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka omwe angakhudze kupumula kapena kutsegula pakhungu, m'maso, kapena mkamwa mwa mwana.
• Kugawana zinthu zanu, monga mswachi, ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
• Kukakamira ndi singano mutagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HBV.

Mwana sangatenge matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B pokumbatirana, kupsompsonana, kutsokomola, kapena kuyetsemula. Kuyamwitsa kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi cha B kumakhala kotetezeka ngati mwanayo wathandizidwa moyenera panthawi yobadwa.

Achinyamata omwe alibe katemera amatha kutenga HBV panthawi yogonana mosadziteteza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B alibe kapena ali ndi zizindikilo zochepa. Ana osaposa zaka 5 sakhala ndi zizindikilo za matenda otupa chiwindi a B. B. Ana okalamba amatha kukhala ndi chizolowezi pakatha miyezi 3 kapena 4 kachilomboka kalowa mthupi. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda atsopano kapena aposachedwa ndi awa:

• Kulakalaka kudya
• Kutopa
• Malungo ochepa
• Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi molumikizana
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Khungu lachikaso ndi maso (jaundice)
• Mkodzo wakuda

Ngati thupi limatha kulimbana ndi HBV, zizindikirazo zimatha pakadutsa milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi 6. Izi zimatchedwa pachimake hepatitis B. Chowopsa cha hepatitis B sichimayambitsa mavuto okhalitsa.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu adzayesa magazi otchedwa hepatitis virus. Mayesowa angathandize kuzindikira:

• Matenda atsopano (pachimake hepatitis B)
• Matenda osatha kapena a nthawi yayitali (matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B)
• Matenda omwe adachitika m'mbuyomu, koma kulibenso

Mayesero otsatirawa amawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi komanso chiwopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi kuchokera ku chiwindi cha hepatitis B chosatha:

• Mulingo wa Albumin
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Nthawi ya Prothrombin
• Chiwindi
• M'mimba ultrasound
• Zizindikiro za khansa ya chiwindi monga alpha fetoprotein

Woperekayo adzaonanso kuchuluka kwa ma virus a HBV m'magazi. Kuyesaku kukuwonetsa momwe chithandizo cha mwana wanu chikugwirira ntchito.

Pachimake pa chiwindi B safuna chithandizo chilichonse chapadera. Chitetezo cha mwana wanu chidzalimbana ndi matendawa. Ngati palibe chizindikiro cha matenda a HBV pakatha miyezi 6, ndiye kuti mwana wanu wachira. Komabe, pomwe kachilomboko kamakhalapo, mwana wanu amatha kupatsira ena kachilomboka. Muyenera kuchitapo kanthu popewa matendawa kuti asafalikire.

Matenda a hepatitis B osachiritsika amafunikira chithandizo. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuthetsa zizindikilo zilizonse, kuteteza matendawa kuti asafalikire, ndikuthandizira kupewa matenda a chiwindi. Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu:

• Amapeza mpumulo wochuluka
• Amamwa madzi ambiri
• Amadya zakudya zabwino

Wopatsa mwana wanu amathanso kulangiza mankhwala ochepetsa ma virus. Mankhwala amachepetsa kapena kuchotsa HBV m'magazi:

• Interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) itha kuperekedwa kwa ana azaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo.
• Lamivudine (Epivir) ndi entecavir (Baraclude) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana azaka 2 kapena kupitirira.
• Tenofovir (Viread) imaperekedwa kwa ana azaka 12 kapena kupitirira.

Sikuti nthawi zonse zimadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe ayenera kuperekedwa. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda otupa chiwindi a hepatitis B atha kulandira mankhwalawa pamene:

• Ntchito ya chiwindi imakula mofulumira
• Chiwindi chikuwonetsa zisonyezo zakutha kwakanthawi
• Mulingo wa HBV umakhala m'magazi ambiri

Ana ambiri amatha kuchotsa HBV m'thupi lawo ndipo alibe matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Komabe, ana ena samachotsa HBV. Izi zimatchedwa matenda a hepatitis B osachiritsika.

• Ana aang'ono amakhala ndi matenda otupa chiwindi a hepatitis B.
• Ana awa samva kudwala, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Komabe, popita nthawi, amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo za kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kwanthawi yayitali.

Pafupifupi ana onse obadwa kumene komanso pafupifupi theka la ana omwe amadwala matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B amakhala ndi vuto lanthawi yayitali. Kuyezetsa magazi patadutsa miyezi 6 kumatsimikizira matenda otupa chiwindi a nthawi yayitali B. Matendawa sangakhudze kukula ndi kukula kwa mwana wanu. Kuwunika pafupipafupi kumawathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa mwa ana.

Muyeneranso kuthandiza mwana wanu kuphunzira momwe angapewere kufalitsa matendawa tsopano ndikukhala wamkulu.

Zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha hepatitis B ndi izi:

• Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi
• Chiwindi matenda enaake
• Khansa ya chiwindi

Zovutazi zimachitika munthu akamakula.

Itanani yemwe amakupatsani mwana ngati:

• Mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B
• Zizindikiro za Hepatitis B sizichoka
• Zizindikiro zatsopano zimayamba
• Mwanayo ali mgulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a chiwindi a B ndipo sanalandire katemera wa HBV

Ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi chiwindi kapena chiwindi cha pachimake kapena chosachiritsika, izi zimachitika kuti tipewe kupatsira mwana kubadwa:

• Ana obadwa kumene ayenera kulandira katemera woyamba wa hepatitis B ndi mlingo umodzi wa ma immunoglobulins (IG) mkati mwa maola 12.
• Mwana ayenera kumaliza katemera wonse wa hepatitis B monga momwe adalangizira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira.
• Amayi ena apakati amatha kulandira mankhwala kuti achepetse HBV m'magazi awo.

Kupewa matenda a hepatitis B:

• Ana ayenera kulandira katemera woyamba wa hepatitis B pakubadwa. Ayenera kukhala ndi kuwombera konse katatu pamndandanda wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
• Ana omwe sanalandire katemerayu ayenera kulandira mankhwalawa.
• Ana ayenera kupewa kukhudzana ndi magazi ndi madzi amthupi.
• Ana sayenera kugawana misuwachi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingatenge kachilomboka.
• Amayi onse ayenera kuyezetsa HBV ali ndi pakati.
• Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a HBV amatha kuyamwitsa mwana wawo atalandira katemera.

Matenda chete - ana a HBV; Mavairasi oyambitsa - chiwindi B ana; Ana a HBV; Mimba - ana a chiwindi B; Matenda a amayi - ana a hepatitis B

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Zolemba za katemera (VISs): hepatitis B VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/hep-b.html. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 15, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 27, 2020.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Mawu a katemera: katemera woyamba wa mwana wanu. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/multi.html. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 5, 2019. Idapezeka pa Januware 27, 2020.

Jensen MK, Balistreri WF. Matenda a chiwindi. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 385.

Pham YH, Leung DH. Matenda a hepatitis B ndi D. Mu: Cherry J, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, olemba. Feigin ndi Cherry's Bookbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 157.

Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Advisory Committee on Immucisation Practices adalimbikitsa dongosolo la katemera kwa ana ndi achinyamata azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Wachivundi Wkly Rep. 2019; Feb 8; 68 (5): 112-114 (Pamasamba) PMID: 30730870 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730870/.

Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ. Zosintha popewa, kuzindikira, komanso kuchiza matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis B: malangizo a AASLD 2018 a hepatitis B. Matenda a chiwindi. 2018; 67 (4): 1560-1599. PMID: 29405329 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29405329/.