Oseltamivir

Zamkati

• Ngati mukupereka kuyimitsidwa kwamalonda kwa munthu wamkulu kapena mwana wazaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi, tsatirani izi kuti muyese mlingo pogwiritsa ntchito sirinji yomwe yaperekedwa:
• Ngati mukuvutika kumeza makapisozi, adokotala angakuuzeni kuti mutsegule kapisozi ndikusakaniza zomwe zili ndi madzi otsekemera. Kukonzekera mlingo wa oseltamivir kwa anthu omwe sangathe kumeza makapisozi:
• Musanatenge oseltamivir,
• Oseltamivir ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zina mwazizindikirozi kapena zomwe zatchulidwa mgulu la ZOCHITIKA, itanani dokotala wanu mwachangu:
• Zizindikiro za bongo zingaphatikizepo:

Oseltamivir amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu ina ya matenda a fuluwenza ('chimfine') mwa akulu, ana, ndi makanda (opitilira milungu iwiri yakubadwa) omwe akhala ndi zizindikilo za chimfine osapitilira masiku awiri. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupewa mitundu ina ya chimfine mwa akulu ndi ana (okalamba kuposa chaka chimodzi) akakhala ndi munthu amene ali ndi chimfine kapena pakabuka chimfine. Oseltamivir ali mgulu la mankhwala otchedwa neuraminidase inhibitors. Zimagwira ntchito poletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'thupi. Oseltamivir imathandizira kufupikitsa nthawi yomwe zizindikiro za chimfine monga zotupa kapena zotuluka pamphuno, zilonda zapakhosi, chifuwa, kupweteka kwa minofu kapena kulumikizana, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, malungo, komanso kuzizira. Oseltamivir siyiteteza kumatenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chimfine.

Oseltamivir imabwera ngati kapisozi komanso kuyimitsidwa (madzi) kuti atenge pakamwa. Pamene oseltamivir imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zizindikiro za chimfine, nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kawiri patsiku (m'mawa ndi madzulo) kwa masiku asanu. Pamene oseltamivir imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera chimfine, nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kamodzi patsiku kwa masiku osachepera 10, kapena kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi pakadwala chimfine. Oseltamivir itha kutengedwa ndi chakudya kapena popanda chakudya, koma sizimayambitsa kukhumudwa m'mimba ikamamwa ndi chakudya kapena mkaka. Tsatirani malangizo omwe mwalandira mosamala, ndikufunsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala kuti afotokoze gawo lililonse lomwe simukumvetsa. Tengani oseltamivir ndendende monga momwe adauzira. Musamamwe pang'ono kapena kumamwa pafupipafupi kuposa momwe adanenera dokotala.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wakupatsani ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida choyezera chomwe chiziyeza mlingowo molondola. Ngati mukumwa nokha mankhwala kapena mukuwapatsa mwana wamkulu wazaka zopitilira 1, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chopangidwa ndi wopanga kuti muyese mlingo malinga ndi malangizo omwe ali pansipa. Ngati mukupatsa mankhwalawa kwa mwana wosakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyezera choperekedwa ndi wopanga chifukwa sichingayeze bwino pang'ono. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito chida choperekedwa ndi wamankhwala anu. Ngati kuyimitsidwa kwamalonda kulibe ndipo wamankhwala wanu akukonzekererani kuyimitsidwa, akupatsani chida choyezera mlingo wanu. Musagwiritse ntchito supuni ya tiyi kuti muyese kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa oseltamivir pakamwa.

Ngati mukupereka kuyimitsidwa kwamalonda kwa munthu wamkulu kapena mwana wazaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi, tsatirani izi kuti muyese mlingo pogwiritsa ntchito sirinji yomwe yaperekedwa:

1. Sambani kuyimitsidwa bwino (kwa masekondi pafupifupi 5) musanagwiritse ntchito kusakaniza mankhwala mofanana.
2. Tsegulani botolo pokankhira pansi pa kapu ndikutembenuza kapuyo nthawi yomweyo.
3. Kankhirani chojambulira cha choyezera mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni.
4. Ikani nsonga ya chida choyezera mwamphamvu potsegulira pamwamba pa botolo.
5. Tembenuzani botolo (ndi chida choyezera).
6. Bwererani pang'onopang'ono pa plunger mpaka kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsidwa komwe dokotala wanena kudzaza chida choyezera pakulemba koyenera. Mlingo waukulu ungafunike kuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera kawiri. Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungayezerere bwino zomwe dokotala wakupatsani, funsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala.
7. Tembenuzani botolo (ndi choyezera cholumikizidwa) mbali yakumanja ndikuchotsa pang'onopang'ono choyezera.
8. Tengani oseltamivir molunjika mkamwa mwanu kuchokera pachida choyezera; osasakanikirana ndi zakumwa zina zilizonse.
9. Bwezerani kapu pa botolo ndikutseka mwamphamvu.
10. Chotsani chojambulira pazida zonse zoyezera ndikutsuka ziwalo zonse m'madzi apampopi. Lolani kuti ziume ziume musanayanjanenso kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

Itanani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti mudziwe momwe mungayesere kuyimitsidwa kwa oseltamivir ngati mulibe chida choyezera chomwe chidabwera ndi mankhwalawa.

Ngati mukuvutika kumeza makapisozi, adokotala angakuuzeni kuti mutsegule kapisozi ndikusakaniza zomwe zili ndi madzi otsekemera. Kukonzekera mlingo wa oseltamivir kwa anthu omwe sangathe kumeza makapisozi:

1. Gwirani kapisozi pamphika yaying'ono ndikutulutsa mosamala kapisoloyo ndikutsitsa ufa wonse kuchokera mu kapisozi kulowa m'mbale. Ngati dokotala wakupemphani kuti mutenge kapisozi woposa mmodzi pamlingo wanu, ndiye kuti mutsegule mankhaputala oyenera mu mphikawo.
2. Onjezerani pang'ono madzi otsekemera, monga madzi osakaniza a chokoleti wamba kapena shuga, madzi a chimanga, caramel topping, kapena shuga wonyezimira wonyezimira wosungunuka m'madzi mpaka ufa.
3. Onetsetsani kusakaniza.
4. Kumeza zonse zomwe zili muzakudya izi nthawi yomweyo.

Pitilizani kumwa oseltamivir mpaka mutha kumaliza mankhwala, ngakhale mutayamba kumva bwino. Osasiya kumwa oseltamivir osalankhula ndi dokotala. Mukasiya kumwa oseltamivir posachedwa kapena kudumpha mlingo, matenda anu sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, kapena mwina simungatetezedwe ku chimfine.

Ngati mukumva kuwawa kapena kukhala ndi zizindikilo zatsopano mukamamwa oseltamivir, kapena ngati matenda anu a chimfine samayamba kuchira, itanani dokotala wanu.

Funsani wamankhwala kapena dokotala wanu kuti mumupatseko zidziwitso za wopanga kwa wodwalayo.

Oseltamivir itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza ndikupewa matenda ochokera ku fuluwenza ya avian (bird) kachilombo (komwe kamakonda kupatsira mbalame koma kutha kuyambitsa matenda akulu mwa anthu). Oseltamivir itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchiza ndikupewa matenda ochokera ku fuluwenza A (H1N1).

Mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa ntchito zina; funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Musanatenge oseltamivir,

• uzani dokotala wanu komanso wamankhwala ngati muli ndi vuto la oseltamivir, mankhwala ena aliwonse, kapena zosakaniza zilizonse mu makapisozi a oseltamivir kapena kuyimitsidwa. Funsani wamankhwala wanu kapena onani zomwe wodwala akupanga kuti muwone mndandanda wazosakaniza.
• auzeni adotolo mankhwala amtundu wa mankhwala omwe simukulembera, mavitamini, zowonjezera zakudya ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa kapena omwe mukufuna kumwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwatchulapo izi: mankhwala omwe amakhudza chitetezo chamthupi monga azathioprine (Imuran); cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); mankhwala a khansa chemotherapy; methotrexate (Rheumatrex); mankhwala (Rapamune); mankhwala amlomo monga dexamethasone (Decadron, Dexone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), ndi prednisone (Deltasone); kapena tacrolimus (Prograf). Dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala anu kapena kukuyang'anirani mosamala zotsatira zake.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati munatengapo oseltamivir kuchiza kapena kupewa chimfine.
• auzeni adotolo ngati muli ndi matenda kapena vuto lililonse lomwe limakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi mwanu monga kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV kapenanso ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima, mapapo, kapena impso.
• uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi pakati, konzekerani kutenga pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa. Mukakhala ndi pakati mukatenga oseltamivir, itanani dokotala wanu.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti anthu, makamaka ana ndi achinyamata, omwe ali ndi chimfine amatha kusokonezeka, kukhumudwa, kapena kuda nkhawa, ndipo atha kuchita zachilendo, kukomoka kapena kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo (onani zinthu kapena kumva mawu omwe kulibe), kapena amadzivulaza kapena kudzipha . Inu kapena mwana wanu mungakhale ndi zizindikilozi ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mumagwiritsa ntchito oseltamivir, ndipo zizindikirazo zimayamba atangoyamba kumene kulandira chithandizo mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chimfine, muyenera kumuyang'ana mosamala kwambiri ndikumuimbira foni nthawi yomweyo ngati angasokonezeke kapena akuchita zinthu mosafunikira. Ngati muli ndi chimfine, inu, banja lanu, kapena amene akukusamalirani muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo mukasokonezeka, mumachita zachilendo, kapena mukuganiza zodzipweteka nokha. Onetsetsani kuti banja lanu kapena amene akukusamalirani akudziwa zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuti athe kuyimbira dokotala ngati mukulephera kupeza chithandizo chanokha.
• Funsani dokotala ngati mukuyenera kulandira katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse. Oseltamivir satenga malo a katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse. Ngati mwalandira kapena mukufuna kulandira katemera wa chimfine (FluMist; katemera wa chimfine yemwe amapopera mphuno), muyenera kuuza dokotala musanatenge oseltamivir. Oseltamivir atha kupangitsa kuti katemera wa chimfine wa intranasal asakhale wogwira mtima ngati angatenge mpaka masabata awiri pambuyo kapena mpaka maola 48 chisanafike katemera wa chimfine.
• ngati muli ndi tsankho la fructose (cholowa chobadwa nacho momwe thupi limasowa mapuloteni ofunikira kuti awononge fructose, shuga wazipatso, monga sorbitol), muyenera kudziwa kuti kuyimitsidwa kwa oseltamivir kumakomedwa ndi sorbitol. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi tsankho la fructose.

Mukaiwala kutenga mlingo, imwani mukangokumbukira. Ngati sipadutsa maola awiri isanakwane mlingo wanu wotsatira, tulukani mlingo womwe mwaphonya ndikupitiliza dongosolo lanu lokhazikika. Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo wambiri, itanani dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni. Musatenge mlingo wawiri kuti mupange omwe mwaphonya.

Oseltamivir ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:

• nseru
• kusanza
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kutsegula m'mimba
• mutu

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zina mwazizindikirozi kapena zomwe zatchulidwa mgulu la ZOCHITIKA, itanani dokotala wanu mwachangu:

• zidzolo, ming'oma, kapena matuza pakhungu
• zilonda mkamwa
• kuyabwa
• kutupa kwa nkhope kapena lilime
• kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• ukali
• chisokonezo
• mavuto olankhula
• kusuntha kosayenda
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo (kuwona zinthu kapena kumva mawu omwe kulibe)

Mukakumana ndi zovuta zina, inu kapena adokotala mutha kutumiza lipoti ku pulogalamu ya Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting pa intaneti (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) kapena pafoni ( 1-800-332-1088).

Sungani mankhwala awa mu chidebe chomwe chimabwera ndikufikira ana. Sungani makapisozi kutentha ndikutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi (osati kubafa). Kuyimitsidwa kwa malonda oseltamivir kumatha kusungidwa kutentha mpaka masiku 10 kapena mufiriji kwa masiku 17. Kuyimitsidwa kwa Oseltamivir kokonzedwa ndi wamankhwala kumatha kusungidwa kutentha mpaka masiku asanu kapena mufiriji kwa masiku 35. Osayimitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa oseltamivir.

Ndikofunika kuti mankhwala onse asamawonekere komanso kuti ana asamafikire ngati muli zidebe zambiri (monga mapiritsi a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi omwe amatsikira m'maso, mafuta, zigamba, ndi opumira) sizolimbana ndi ana ndipo ana aang'ono amatha kuzitsegula mosavuta. Pofuna kuteteza ana ang'ono kuti asatenge poyizoni, nthawi zonse tsekani zipewa zachitetezo ndikuyika mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka - omwe ali pamwamba ndi kutali komanso osawonekera ndi kufikira. http://www.upandaway.org

Mankhwala osafunikira ayenera kutayidwa munjira zapadera zowonetsetsa kuti ziweto, ana, ndi anthu ena sangamwe. Komabe, simuyenera kuthira mankhwalawa mchimbudzi. M'malo mwake, njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala anu ndikadongosolo lobwezera mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi wamankhwala wanu kapena lemberani dipatimenti yakunyumba / yobwezeretsanso kwanuko kuti muphunzire zamapulogalamu obwezeretsanso mdera lanu. Onani tsamba la FDA's Disposal of Medicines webusayiti (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) kuti mumve zambiri ngati mulibe pulogalamu yobwezera.

Mukadwala mopitirira muyeso, itanani foni yothandizira poyizoni pa 1-800-222-1222. Zambiri zimapezekanso pa intaneti pa https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ngati wozunzidwayo wagwa, watenga khunyu, akuvutika kupuma, kapena sangathe kudzutsidwa, nthawi yomweyo itanani anthu azadzidzidzi ku 911.

Zizindikiro za bongo zingaphatikizepo:

• nseru
• kusanza

Oseltamivir sikukulepheretsani kupereka chimfine kwa ena. Muyenera kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi, komanso kupewa zizolowezi monga kugawana makapu ndi ziwiya zomwe zitha kufalitsa kachilombo kwa ena.

Musalole kuti aliyense azimwa mankhwala anu. Mankhwala anu mwina sangabwererenso. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chimfine mukamaliza kumwa oseltamivir, itanani dokotala wanu.

Ndikofunika kuti musunge mndandanda wamankhwala onse omwe mumalandira komanso osalembetsa (owerengera) omwe mukumwa, komanso zinthu zilizonse monga mavitamini, michere, kapena zakudya zina. Muyenera kubwera nawo pamndandandawu nthawi iliyonse mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena ngati mwalandiridwa kuchipatala. Ndikofunikanso kuthana nanu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

• Tamiflu^®