Autism: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Autism
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Autism, wodziwika ndi sayansi kuti Autism Spectrum Disorder, ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi mavuto pakulankhulana, kucheza ndi machitidwe, omwe amapezeka pakati pa 2 ndi 3 azaka zakubadwa.

Matendawa amachititsa mwana kufotokozera zina, monga kuvutika kuyankhula ndi kufotokoza malingaliro ndi malingaliro, kufooka pakati pa ena komanso kuyang'anizana pang'ono, kuphatikiza kubwereza mobwerezabwereza komanso mayendedwe olakwika, monga kukhala nthawi yayitali kugwedeza thupi ndi zina zotero.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zina mwazizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe a autism ndi awa:

• Zovuta pakulumikizana, monga kukhudzana ndi maso, nkhope, manja, zovuta kupanga anzanu, zovuta kufotokoza momwe akumvera;
• Kutaya kulumikizana, monga zovuta kuyambitsa kapena kusunga zokambirana, kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo mobwerezabwereza;
• Khalidwe limasintha, monga kusadziwa kusewera moyerekeza, kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza, kukhala ndi "mafashoni" ambiri ndikuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu pachinthu china, monga phiko la ndege, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikirozi zimachokera pakuchepa, komwe kumatha kuzindikirika, komanso kumatha kukhala kopepuka, komwe kumalepheretsa kwambiri mayendedwe amwana ndi kulumikizana kwake.

Nazi njira zodziwira zizindikiro zazikulu za autism.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa autism kumapangidwa ndi dokotala wa ana kapena wamisala, kudzera pakuwona kwa mwanayo komanso magwiridwe antchito ena azaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 3.

Zitha kutsimikiziridwa za autism, pomwe mwanayo ali ndi mawonekedwe am'magawo atatu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi izi: kulumikizana pakati pa anthu, kusintha kwamakhalidwe ndi kulephera kulumikizana. Sikoyenera kupereka mndandanda wazizindikiro kuti adokotala afike pamatenda, chifukwa matendawa amadziwikiratu mosiyanasiyana ndipo, pachifukwa ichi, mwanayo amatha kupezeka ndi autism wofatsa, mwachitsanzo. Onetsetsani ngati muli ndi autism.

Chifukwa chake, autism nthawi zina imatha kukhala yosazindikira ndipo imatha kusokonezedwa ndi manyazi, kusowa chidwi kapena kusachita bwino, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Asperger's syndrome ndi autism yogwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa autism sikophweka, ndipo ngati akukayikira ndikofunikira kupita kwa dokotala kuti akayese kukula kwa mwanayo ndi machitidwe ake, kuti athe kuwonetsa zomwe ali nazo komanso momwe angazichiritsire.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Autism

Mwana aliyense amatha kukhala ndi autism, ndipo zoyambitsa zake sizikudziwika, ngakhale kafukufuku wambiri akupangidwa kuti apeze.

Kafukufuku wina watha kale kuloza ku zinthu zomwe zingakhale zotengera, zomwe zimatha kukhala zobadwa nazo, koma ndizothekanso kuti zinthu zachilengedwe, monga matenda amtundu wina, kumwa mitundu yazakudya kapena kukhudzana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, monga lead ndi mercury, Mwachitsanzo atha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa matendawa.

Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zoyambitsa ndi monga:

• Kulemala komanso kusazindikira bwino kwa chifukwa cha chibadwa, monga zinawonedwera kuti ma autist ena amakhala ndi ubongo wokulirapo komanso wolemera komanso kuti kulumikizana kwa mitsempha pakati pama cell awo kunalibe;
• Zinthu zachilengedwe, monga chilengedwe cha banja, zovuta panthawi yapakati kapena yobereka;
• Kusintha kwachilengedwe wa thupi lodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa serotonin m'magazi;
• Chromosomal yachilendo kuwonetseredwa ndikusowa kapena kubwereza kwa chromosome 16.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali maphunziro omwe amafotokoza za katemera wina kapena kusinthidwa kwa folic acid wochulukirapo panthawi yapakati, komabe palibe zotsimikizika pazotheka izi, ndipo kafukufuku wina akuyenerabe kuchitidwa kuti amvetsetse nkhaniyi.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa autism yomwe mwanayo ali nayo komanso kuchuluka kwa kufooka kwake, koma zitha kuchitika ndi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala;
• Magawo othandizira othandizira kuti azitha kuyankhula ndi kulumikizana;
• Khalidwe lothandizira kuti ntchito zizithandiza tsiku ndi tsiku;
• Mankhwala am'magulu kuti athandize kucheza ndi mwana.

Ngakhale autism ilibe mankhwala, chithandizo, chikachitika moyenera, chitha kuthandiza kusamalira mwana, kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa makolo. Pazovuta kwambiri, kumwa mankhwala sikofunikira nthawi zonse ndipo mwanayo amatha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino, kukhala wokhoza kuphunzira ndikugwira ntchito popanda zoletsa. Onani zambiri ndi zomwe mungachite kuti muthandizidwe ndi autism.