Bronchiectasis

Zamkati

• Kodi bronchiectasis ndi chiyani?
• Kodi zimayambitsa bronchiectasis ndi chiyani?
• Zizindikiro za bronchiectasis ndi ziti?
• Kodi bronchiectasis amapezeka?
• Chithandizo mungachite bronchiectasis
• Kodi bronchiectasis ingapewe?

Kodi bronchiectasis ndi chiyani?

Bronchiectasis ndimomwe machubu am'mapapu anu amawonongekeratu, kukulitsidwa, ndikulimba.

Maulendo awonongeke amlengalenga amalola kuti mabakiteriya ndi ntchofu zimange ndikumanga m'mapapu anu. Izi zimabweretsa matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi komanso kutsekeka kwa mayendedwe apandege.

Palibe mankhwala a bronchiectasis, koma ndiwotheka. Mukalandira chithandizo, mutha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino.

Komabe, ziphuphu zimayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu kuti mpweya uzituluka mthupi lanu lonse ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwamapapu.

Kodi zimayambitsa bronchiectasis ndi chiyani?

Kuvulala kulikonse kwamapapo kumatha kuyambitsa bronchiectasis. Pali magawo awiri akulu amtunduwu.

Chimodzi chimakhudzana ndi kukhala ndi cystic fibrosis (CF) ndipo chimadziwika kuti CF bronchiectasis. CF ndi chibadwa chomwe chimayambitsa kutulutsa nthenda mosazolowereka.

Gawo lina ndi la non-CF bronchiectasis, lomwe silogwirizana ndi CF. Zomwe zimadziwika bwino zomwe zingayambitse non-CF bronchiectasis ndi izi:

• chitetezo chamthupi chachilendo
• matenda opatsirana
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
• alpha 1-antitrypsin kusowa (chifukwa cholowa cha COPD)
• HIV
• Matupi aspergillosis (matupi awo sagwirizana ndi mafangasi)
• matenda am'mapapo, monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi chifuwa chachikulu

CF imakhudza mapapo ndi ziwalo zina monga kapamba ndi chiwindi. M'mapapu, izi zimabweretsa matenda obwerezabwereza. M'magulu ena, zimayambitsa magwiridwe antchito.

Zizindikiro za bronchiectasis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za bronchiectasis zimatha kutenga miyezi kapena zaka kukula. Zizindikiro zina monga:

• chifuwa chachikulu cha tsiku ndi tsiku
• kutsokomola magazi
• kumveka kosazolowereka kapena kupuma pachifuwa ndikupuma
• kupuma movutikira
• kupweteka pachifuwa
• kutsokomola mamina ochuluka tsiku lililonse
• kuonda
• kutopa
• Sinthani kapangidwe kazikhadabo ndi zala zazing'ono, zotchedwa clubbing
• matenda opuma pafupipafupi

Ngati mukukumana ndi zina mwazizindikirozi, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu mwachangu kuti akuthandizeni ndikupeza mankhwala.

Kodi bronchiectasis amapezeka?

Chifuwa chowerengera tomography, kapena chifuwa cha CT scan, ndiye mayeso ofala kwambiri pofufuza bronchiectasis, popeza X-ray pachifuwa sapereka tsatanetsatane wokwanira.

Kuyesa kosavutikaku kumapanga zithunzi zenizeni za mayendedwe anu apanyanja komanso zinthu zina m'chifuwa chanu. Kufufuza kwa chifuwa cha CT kumatha kuwonetsa kukula ndi malo am'mapapo.

Matenda a bronchiectasis atatsimikiziridwa ndi chifuwa cha CT scan, dokotala wanu adzayesa kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa bronchiectasis kutengera mbiri yanu komanso zomwe mwapeza poyesa thupi.

Ndikofunika kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa kuti adotolo azitha kuchiza vutoli kuti bronchiectasis isakule kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kuthandizira ku bronchiectasis.

Kuwunika kwa chomwe chimayambitsa makamaka kumakhala ndi kuyesa kwa labotale ndi microbiologic komanso kuyesa kwa pulmonary.

Kuwunika kwanu koyambirira kudzaphatikizapo:

• kuwerengera kwathunthu kwama magazi ndikusiyana
• magulu a immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, ndi IgA)
• chikhalidwe cha sputum kuti muwone ngati mabakiteriya, mycobacteria, ndi bowa

Ngati dokotala akukayikira CF, iwo adzaitanitsa mayeso a mankhwala enaake a thukuta kapena kuyesedwa kwa majini.

Chithandizo mungachite bronchiectasis

Njira zochiritsira zapadera zitha kuchepetsa kukula kwa bronchiectasis yokhudzana ndi izi:

• mycobacterial matenda
• zina zoteteza m'thupi
• cystic fibrosis
• chikhumbo chobwerezabwereza
• Matupi aspergillosis
• mwina matenda amthupi okha

Palibe mankhwala a bronchiectasis ambiri, koma chithandizo ndikofunikira kukuthandizani kuthana ndi vutoli. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa matenda opatsirana ndi ziwindi.

Ndikofunikanso kupewa zolepheretsa kupitilira kwa mlengalenga ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwamapapu. Njira zodziwika zochiritsira bronchiectasis ndizo:

• kuyeretsa mayendedwe apansi ndi machitidwe opumira komanso chifuwa cha physiotherapy
• akukonzedwa m'mapapo
• kumwa maantibayotiki kuti muchepetse ndikuchiza matenda (kafukufuku akuchitidwa pakapangidwe katsopano ka maantibayotiki)
• kutenga ma bronchodilator ngati albuterol (Proventil) ndi tiotropium (Spiriva) kuti atsegule njira zapaulendo
• kumwa mankhwala ku ntchofu zoonda
• kutenga ma expectorants othandizira kutsokomola ntchofu
• kulandira chithandizo cha oxygen
• kupeza katemera woteteza kumatenda opatsirana

Mungafunike thandizo la chifuwa cha physiotherapy. Fomu imodzi ndi chovala chafupipafupi cha chifuwa chosungunulira khoma kuti muthandize kuchotsa mapapu anu. Chovalacho chimakanikizika ndikumasula chifuwa chanu, ndikupanga zomwe zimafanana ndi chifuwa. Izi zimatulutsa mamina m'makoma amachubu za bronchial.

Ngati pali magazi m'mapapu, kapena ngati bronchiectasis ili m'chigawo chimodzi cha mapapu anu, mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti muchotse dera lomwe lakhudzidwa.

Gawo lina la chithandizo chatsiku ndi tsiku limakhudza kutulutsa kwamitsempha ya bronchial, mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Wothandizira kupuma atha kukuphunzitsani njira zothandizira kutsokomola mamina owonjezera.

Ngati zinthu monga matenda amthupi kapena COPD zikuyambitsa bronchiectasis yanu, adotolo azithandizanso.

Kodi bronchiectasis ingapewe?

Zomwe zimayambitsa bronchiectasis sizikudziwika pazochitika za non-CF bronchiectasis.

Kwa ena, zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zamtundu komanso matenda ena omwe amakhudza mapapu. Kupewa kusuta, mpweya wowonongeka, utsi wophika, ndi mankhwala kumatha kuteteza mapapu anu ndikukhalabe ndi thanzi lamapapo.

Inu ndi ana anu muyenera katemera wa chimfine, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi chikuku, chifukwa izi zakhala zikugwirizana ndi vutoli atakula.

Koma nthawi zambiri ngati chifukwa chake sichikudziwika, kupewa kumakhala kovuta. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa bronchiectasis ndikofunikira kuti muthe kulandira chithandizo chisanachitike kuwonongeka kwamapapu.