Zizindikiro za khansa ya chikhodzodzo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda komanso momwe mungachiritsire

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za khansa ya chikhodzodzo
• Zoyambitsa zazikulu
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Momwe muyenera kuchitira
• 1. Opaleshoni
• 2. BCG chitetezo chamthupi
• 3. Radiotherapy
• 4. Chemotherapy

Khansara ya chikhodzodzo ndi mtundu wa chotupa chodziwika ndi kukula kwa maselo owopsa mu khoma la chikhodzodzo, zomwe zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusuta kapena kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi ndi mankhwala monga utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena arsenic, mwachitsanzo, popeza izi zimachotsedwa mumkodzo, womwe imayikidwa mu chikhodzodzo isanachotsedwe, ndipo imatha kusintha.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya chikhodzodzo zikuwonjezeka ndipo zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi matenda ena am'kodzo, monga kukakamizidwa kukodza, kupweteka m'mimba, kutopa kwambiri komanso kuwonda popanda chifukwa. Ndikofunika kuti matendawa apangidwe akangoyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri, kupewa zovuta ndikuwonjezera mwayi wothandizira.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya chikhodzodzo

Zizindikiro za khansara ya chikhodzodzo zimawoneka ngati maselo owopsa akuchulukirachulukira ndikusokoneza zochitika za chiwalo ichi. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilo zazikulu za khansa yamtunduwu ndi izi:

• Magazi mumkodzo, womwe nthawi zambiri umangodziwika pakufufuza kwamkodzo mu labotale;
• Kupweteka kapena kutentha pamene mukukodza;
• Ululu m'mimba m'munsi;
• Kuchuluka kufunika kokodza;
• Kufuna mwadzidzidzi kukodza;
• Kusadziletsa kwamikodzo;
• Kutopa;
• Kusowa kwa njala;
• Kuchepetsa mwangozi.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndizofala pamatenda ena am'kodzo, monga khansa ya prostate, matenda am'mikodzo, miyala ya impso kapena kusagwira kwamikodzo, chifukwa chake sikofunikira kuti dokotala kapena urologist alimbikitse kuti kuyezetsa kuchitidwe. kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndikuwonetsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu

Zinthu zambiri za poizoni zimadutsa mu chikhodzodzo zomwe zimachotsedwa m'magazi kudzera mumkodzo, zomwe timakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku kudzera pakudya, kupuma komanso khungu.

Zinthu izi, zomwe zimapezeka mu ndudu, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, utoto ndi mankhwala, monga cyclophosphamide ndi arsenic, mwachitsanzo, zimakumana ndi khoma la chikhodzodzo, ndipo kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuyambitsa kupangika kwa maselo a khansa.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Pamaso pa zizindikilo zosonyeza kuti pali khansa ya chikhodzodzo, ndikofunikira kuti udokotala akafunsidwe, kuti kuyezetsa, kuyesa thupi komanso kuyezetsa labotale, monga urinalysis, urinary tract ultrasound, MRI kapena CT scan, ndi cystoscopy, yomwe imakhudza kuyambitsa kachubu kocheperako kudzera mkodzo kuti muwone mkati mwa chikhodzodzo. Mvetsetsani momwe cystoscopy yachitidwira.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati akukayikira kuti khansara, adokotala amalimbikitsa kuti apange biopsy, pomwe kachitsanzo kakang'ono kamatengedwa kuchokera m'chigawo cha chikhodzodzo kuti chikayesedwe mopitilira muyeso kuti muwone ngati kusinthako kuli koyipa kapena koyipa.

Kenako, njira zotsatirazi zofotokozera kuuma ndi chithandizo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo zimadalira gawo la kukula kwa khansa:

• Gawo 0 - popanda umboni wa chotupa kapena zotupa zomwe zimangokhala pakhungu la chikhodzodzo;
• Gawo 1 - chotupa chimadutsa pakatundu ka chikhodzodzo, koma sichifika pamtambo;
• Gawo 2 - chotupa chomwe chimakhudza chotupa cha chikhodzodzo;
• Gawo 3 - chotupa chomwe chimadutsa chotupa cha chikhodzodzo kufikira minofu yoyandikana nayo;
• Gawo 4 - chotupacho chimafalikira kumatenda am'mimba ndi ziwalo zoyandikana, kapena kumalo akutali.

Gawo lomwe khansara ilimo limadalira nthawi yomwe munthuyo adakulitsa, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kuzindikira ndi kuyamba kwa mankhwala kuchitike mwachangu.

Momwe muyenera kuchitira

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo chimadalira gawo komanso kuchuluka kwa chiwalo, ndipo chitha kuchitidwa kudzera mu opaleshoni, chemotherapy, radiotherapy ndi immunotherapy, monga akuwonetsera adotolo. Khansa ya chikhodzodzo ikadziwika koyambirira, pamakhala mwayi waukulu wochiritsidwa ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuzindikira koyambirira ndikofunikira.

Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi gawo la matendawa, zizindikilo zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi munthuyo komanso thanzi labwino, njira zazikulu zochiritsira ndi izi:

1. Opaleshoni

Opaleshoni ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchiritsa khansa yamtunduwu, komabe, imangokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pomwe chotupacho chili mgawo loyambirira komanso likupezeka. Zochita zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi izi:

• Kutulutsidwa kwa transurethral: Amakhala ndi kuchotsa, kuchotsa kapena kuwotcha chotupacho chikakhala chaching'ono ndipo chili pamwamba pa chikhodzodzo;
• Gawo la cystectomy: kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa gawo la chikhodzodzo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi chotupacho;
• Wopanga cystectomy: imachitika mgulu la matendawa ndipo imakhala ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa chikhodzodzo.

Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa chikhodzodzo, ma lymph node kapena ziwalo zina pafupi ndi chikhodzodzo zomwe zingakhale ndi maselo a khansa amathanso kuchotsedwa. Pankhani ya abambo, ziwalo zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi prostate, chovala cham'mimba komanso gawo la vas deferens. Mwa amayi, chiberekero, thumba losunga mazira, timachubu tating'onoting'ono ndi gawo lina la nyini zimachotsedwa.

2. BCG chitetezo chamthupi

Immunotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze ma cell a khansa ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakakhala khansa yapachikhodzodzo kapena kupewa khansa yatsopano, pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu immunotherapy ndi BCG, yankho lomwe lili ndi mabakiteriya amoyo komanso ofooka, omwe amalowetsedwa mu chikhodzodzo kudzera mu catheter, omwe amalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kupha ma cell a khansa. Wodwala ayenera kusunga yankho la BCG mu chikhodzodzo kwa maola pafupifupi 2 ndipo chithandizocho chimachitika kamodzi pa sabata, kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.

3. Radiotherapy

Chithandizo chamtunduwu chimagwiritsa ntchito radiation kuti athetse ma cell a khansa ndipo amatha kuchitidwa asanachite opareshoni, kuti achepetse kukula kwa chotupacho, kapena atachitidwa opareshoni, kuti athetse ma cell a khansa omwe akadalipo.

Radiotherapy imatha kuchitidwa kunja, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri poizoniyu m'chigawo cha chikhodzodzo, kapena poizoniyu wamkati, momwe chida chimayikidwa mchikhodzodzo chomwe chimatulutsa mankhwala owononga mphamvu. Chithandizo chikuchitika kangapo pamlungu, kwa milungu ingapo, kutengera gawo la chotupacho.

4. Chemotherapy

Khansa ya chikhodzodzo chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuthana ndi maselo a khansa, ndipo mankhwala amodzi okha kapena kuphatikiza awiri ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yapachikhodzodzo, adokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pomwe mankhwalawo amalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu chikhodzodzo kudzera mu catheter, ndipo amakhala kwa maola angapo. Mankhwalawa amachitika kamodzi pa sabata, kwa milungu ingapo.