Khansa ya m'mapapo: njira zamankhwala ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Njira zazikulu zothandizira
• 1. Opaleshoni
• 2. Chemotherapy
• 3. Chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi
• 4. Radiotherapy
• 5. Mankhwala a Photodynamic
• 6. Mankhwala a Laser
• 7. Kuchotsa pafupipafupi wailesi
• Kodi moyo wanu wonse ndi uti?

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi matenda oopsa omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zizindikilo monga kutsokomola, kuuma, kupuma movutikira komanso kuonda.

Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yolimba, imachiritsidwa ikazindikira msanga, ndipo chithandizo chake, chomwe chitha kuchitidwa ndi opaleshoni, radiation kapena chemotherapy, ndipo chimatha miyezi kapena zaka. Komabe, chofala kwambiri ndikuti khansa yam'mapapo imapezeka msinkhu wamatendawa, omwe amakula mwachangu kwambiri, osakhala ndi mwayi wocheperako.

Njira zazikulu zothandizira

Chithandizo cha khansa yamapapu nthawi zambiri chimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa khansa, magulu ake, kukula kwa chotupa, kupezeka kwa metastases komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi iyi:

1. Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachitika ndicholinga chotsitsa chotupacho ndi ma lymph node omwe amakhudzidwa ndi khansa, kuti ateteze ma cell a khansa kuti asafalikire mbali zina za thupi.

Kutengera mawonekedwe a khansa, ma opaleshoni a thoracic amatha kuchita maopaleshoni otsatirawa kuti athetse khansa yamapapo:

• Zojambulajambula: ndipamene khungu lonse la m'mapapo limachotsedwa, ndipo ndiye mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa opareshoni ya khansa ya m'mapapo, ngakhale zotupa ndizochepa;
• Chibayo: imachitidwa pamene mapapo onse achotsedwa ndipo amawonetsedwa pomwe chotupacho ndi chachikulu ndipo chili pafupi ndi pakati;
• Chigawo: gawo laling'ono la mapapo lobe ndi khansa limachotsedwa. Amawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa zazing'ono kapena omwe ali ndi thanzi lofooka;
• Kuyambiranso wamanja: sizofala kwambiri ndipo amachitidwa kuti achotse chotupa chomwe chimakhudza dera la bronchi, omwe ndi machubu omwe amalowetsa mpweya m'mapapu.

Nthawi zambiri, maoparesi amachitidwa potsegula pachifuwa, chotchedwa thoracotomies, koma amatha kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi kanema, yotchedwa opaleshoni yothandizidwa ndi kanema. Kuchita opaleshoni yamavidiyo sikowopsa kwenikweni, kumakhala ndi nthawi yocheperako ndipo kumayambitsa kupweteka kocheperako kuposa opaleshoni yotseguka, komabe sikunatchulidwe kwa mitundu yonse ya khansa yamapapo.

Nthawi yochira pochita opareshoni imadalira mtundu wa opareshoni yomwe idachitidwa, koma nthawi zambiri kutulutsidwa kuchipatala kumatha masiku asanu ndi awiri ndipo kuchira ndikubwerera kuzinthu zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse kumatha milungu 6 mpaka 12. Dokotalayo amakupatsirani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndipo angakulimbikitseni kupuma kwa thupi kuti akuthandizeni kupuma bwino.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndizotheka kuti zovuta monga kupuma movutikira, magazi kapena matenda angabuke ndipo ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a dotolo ndikumwa mankhwala omwe awonetsedwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo poti opaleshoniyi akhazikitsa ngalande yochotsera magazi ndi zakumwa zomwe zapezeka mu opaleshoniyi, ndikofunikira kusamalira mavalidwe a ngalandeyo ndikudziwitsanso zomwe zili mkatimo. Onani chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kuda mukatha opaleshoni.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira mitundu ingapo ya khansa yamapapo ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa, omwe ali m'mapapo kapena kufalikira mthupi lonse. Chithandizo chamtunduwu chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kudzera mumitsempha kapena jakisoni, nthawi zina zimakhala zomveka bwino kukhala pamapiritsi. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chemotherapy adapangidwa kuti awononge ndikuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa.

Kutalika kwa mankhwala a chemotherapy kumadalira mtundu, kukula ndi kuuma kwa khansa yamapapo, koma pafupifupi pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Magawo a chemotherapy amatchedwa masinthidwe, ndipo kuzungulira kulikonse kumachitika milungu itatu kapena inayi iliyonse. Nthawi yopuma imafunika pakati pa kuzungulira kulikonse chifukwa chemotherapy imawononganso maselo athanzi omwe akuyenera kuchira.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa yam'mapapo ndi Cisplatin, Etoposide, Gefitinib, Paclitaxel, Vinorelbine kapena Vinblastine kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala omwe dokotala akuwonetsa, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya chithandizo. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, zitha kuchitika asanachitike kapena atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Komabe, ndizofala mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, monga kutaya tsitsi, kutupa pakamwa, kusowa njala, kunyansidwa ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, matenda, matenda am'magazi komanso kutopa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo . Mvetsetsani zoyenera kuchita kuti muchepetse mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chemotherapy.

Zotsatira zoyipa zambiri zimatha ukamaliza kulandira chithandizo, koma nthawi zina mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kapena mankhwala oseketsa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta ndikupangitsa kuti chithandizo chisakhale chovuta kutsatira. Onani malangizo osavuta amomwe mungachepetsere zovuta zoyambira za chemotherapy:

3. Chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi

Mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo imapanga mapuloteni enaake omwe amaletsa maselo amthupi kuti asawononge ma khansa. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala ena adapangidwa kuti aletse zomwe mapuloteniwa amachititsa kuti thupi lizilimbana ndi khansa.

Mankhwalawa ndi gawo la immunotherapy, chifukwa amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi kuthana ndi khansa yam'mapapo. Ena mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khansa yamapapo ndi atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab ndi pembrolizumab. Pakadali pano, mankhwala ena ofanana nawo akupangidwa ndikuyesedwa kuti athetse mitundu yonse ya khansa yamapapo.

Mankhwala a Immunotherapy ali ndi zovuta zina kupatula chemotherapy, ndipo nthawi zambiri zotsatirazi ndizofooka, komabe, zimatha kuyambitsa kutopa, kupuma pang'ono komanso kutsegula m'mimba.

4. Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy ndi chithandizo cha khansa yam'mapapo momwe ma radiation amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga ma cell a khansa, ndipo ma radiation akunja atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera pamakina omwe amatulutsa ma radiation, kapena brachytherapy, momwe zida za radioactive zimayikidwa pafupi ndi chotupacho.

Musanayambe magawo a radiotherapy, dongosolo limapangidwa ndipo zolemba zimapangidwa pakhungu, zomwe zimawonetsa kuyika koyenera pamakina a radiotherapy, motero, magawo onse amakhala m'malo omwe amapezeka.

Mankhwala a radiation, monga chemotherapy, amathanso kuchitidwa limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala, monga asanafike opaleshoni, kuti achepetse kukula kwa chotupacho, kapena pambuyo pake, kuwononga maselo a khansa omwe angakhale akadali m'mapapo. Komabe, mankhwala amtunduwu amathanso kuyambitsa zovuta zina, monga kutopa, kusowa kwa njala, zilonda zapakhosi, kutupa komwe radiation imagwiritsidwa ntchito, malungo, chifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira, mwachitsanzo.

Nthawi zambiri, zovuta zimatha kumapeto kwa chithandizo, koma zizindikilo zina, monga kukhosomola, kupuma movutikira ndi malungo, zosonyeza kutupa kwa mapapo, kumatha kupitilira miyezi ingapo. Dziwani zoyenera kudya kuti muchepetse zovuta za radiation.

5. Mankhwala a Photodynamic

Mankhwala a Photodynamic a khansa yam'mapapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa matendawa pakafunika kutsekula mayendedwe apandege omwe atsekedwa ndi chotupacho. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera, omwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi kuti akwaniritse m'maselo a khansa.

Mankhwalawa atakhala kuti apezeka pachotupacho, pamakhala mtanda wa laser kupha ma cell a khansa, omwe amachotsedwa ndi bronchoscopy. Thandizo la Photodynamic limatha kutupa kwam'mlengalenga kwa masiku angapo, ndikupangitsa kupuma pang'ono, kutsokomola kwamagazi ndi phlegm, yomwe imatha kuchiritsidwa kuchipatala.

6. Mankhwala a Laser

Laser therapy ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina khansa yamapapu, makamaka ngati chotupacho ndi chaching'ono. Munthawi yamankhwala iyi, laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera pa endoscopy, kudzera pa chubu chosunthika chomwe chimalowetsedwa mkamwa mpaka m'mapapu, chotchedwa bronchoscope, kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito laser ndiyofanana ndi kupanga endoscopy, imakhala pafupifupi mphindi 30, imafuna kusala kwa maola 6 ndikukhala pansi kuti mugone poyeserera osamva kuwawa.

7. Kuchotsa pafupipafupi wailesi

Nthawi yomwe khansa yam'mapapo idangoyamba kumene, kutulutsa ma radiofrequency kumawonetsedwa m'malo mochita opareshoni. Amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha komwe kumachitika ndi mawailesi kupha ma cell a khansa m'mapapo, pogwiritsa ntchito singano kapena machubu omwe amatenthetsa ndikuwononga chotupacho. Izi singano zimatsogoleredwa ndi computed tomography kuti mudziwe komwe kuli chotupacho.

Njirayi imachitika pansi pa sedation ndipo imakhala pafupifupi mphindi 30. Pambuyo pochita izi, tsambalo limatha kukhala lopweteka, motero adokotala amalamula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka, monga kupweteka.

Kodi moyo wanu wonse ndi uti?

Kutalika kwa moyo pambuyo poti khansa yamapapo itapezeka kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira miyezi 7 mpaka zaka 5, kutengera zinthu zingapo, monga thanzi, mtundu wa khansa yam'mapapo ndi kuyamba kwa chithandizo. Ngakhale khansa yamtunduwu ikapezeka koyambirira, mwayi woti akuchiritsidwe suli wokwera kwambiri, chifukwa uli ndi mwayi wobwereranso, womwe umachitika pafupifupi theka la milandu.