Kodi khansa ya kum'mero, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu za khansa ya m'mimba
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Zoyambitsa zazikulu
• Kodi chithandizo
• Chakudya cha khansa ya m'mimba

Khansa ya Esophageal ndi khansa yayikulu yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maselo am'mero, omwe amakhala owopsa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonekera kwa zizindikilo monga zovuta kumeza, mawonekedwe a chotupa kumtunda kwa m'mimba ndi malo amdima, komabe zizindikilo za khansara pammero zimangowonekera matendawa atayamba kale komanso ali ndi metastases, osakhala ndi mwayi wocheperako.

Malinga ndi komwe ma cell akhudzidwa, khansa ya m'mimba imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

• Squamous cell carcinoma, womwe ndi khansa yapafupipafupi kwambiri pam'mero ​​ndipo umakhudza kumtunda kwa khosalo ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndizofala kwambiri chifukwa cha omwe amasuta komanso / kapena zidakwa;
• Adenocarcinoma, yomwe imawonekera kwambiri pagawo lomwe limalumikizana ndi kholingo m'mimba ndipo limapezeka pafupipafupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba la reflux, kholingo la Barrett komanso munthu amene ali wonenepa kwambiri.

Khansara yamtunduwu imafala kwambiri kwa anthu opitilira 50 ndipo omwe ali ndi zoopsa monga kunenepa kwambiri, Reflux, gastritis kapena osuta. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthuyo ali ndi chizindikiro chilichonse chokhudzana ndi khansa kummero ndipo ali ndi zoopsa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mufunsane ndi gastroenterologist kuti mupeze matendawa komanso chithandizo chake chitha kukhazikitsidwa, Ambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuchita opareshoni kuti achotse gawo la kum'mero, komanso chemo ndi radiation kuti athetse ma cell a khansa omwe sangakhale atachotsedwa pakuchita opareshoni.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za khansa ya m'mimba

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa khansara kum'mero ​​ndi izi:

• Kuvuta ndi kupweteka kumeza, poyamba zakudya zolimba kenako zamadzimadzi;
• Hoarseness ndi chifuwa nthawi zonse;
• Kutaya njala ndi kulemera;
• Kutopa pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, monga pogona kapena masitepe;
• Kumva m'mimba mokwanira;
• Kusanza ndi magazi ndi nseru;
• Mdima wakuda, wabusa, wonunkha mwamphamvu kapena wamagazi;
• Kupweteka m'mimba komwe sikudutsa;
• Mimba m'mimba, yomwe imatha kugwedezeka;
• Kutupa malirime kumanzere kwa khosi;
• Mitsempha yamagazi yozungulira mchombo.

Nthawi zambiri, khansara yam'matumbo siyimitsa zizindikilo, komabe matendawa akamakula, zizindikilo zimayamba kuzindikirika. Chifukwa chake, kuyamba kwa zizindikilo kumawonetsa kuti matendawa ali kale patali kwambiri, ndipo kuzindikira mwachangu ndi chithandizo ndikofunikira.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kuzindikira kwa khansa ya m'mimba kumachitika kudzera ku endoscopy, komwe kumayesedwa ndi cholinga chowonera mkatikati mwa mimba ndi m'mimba ndikuwona ngati pali kusintha kulikonse. Ngati chotupa kapena kusintha kwina kulikonse kukupezeka pakuwunika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipeze biopsy ya nyemba zam'mimba kuti muwone momwe ma cell alili, kuphatikiza X-ray ya kholingo, makamaka ngati munthuyo akuvutika kumeza.

Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo atha kuwonetsa kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumaphatikizira kuchuluka kwa magazi kuti aone kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso poyesa chopondapo kuti aone ngati magazi ali pampando.

Pakutha kwa endoscopic, ndikothekanso kuti dokotala awone gawo la matendawa malinga ndi zomwe zawonedwa:

• Gawo I - chotupa pakhoma la pakhosi chokhala ndi pafupifupi 3 mpaka 5 mm komanso chopanda metastases, chokhala ndi mwayi wokuchiritsa;
• Gawo II - Kukulitsa kwa khola lam'mero ​​lopitilira 5 mm komanso opanda metastases okhala ndi mwayi wochiritsidwa;
• Gawo III - Kukhwima kwa khola lam'mero ​​lomwe limakhudza minofu kuzungulira kholalo popanda mwayi woti lichiritsidwe;
• Masewera IV - Pamaso pa metastases ndi thupi, ndi mwayi wochepa kwambiri wochiritsidwa.

Komabe, magawowa atha kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane molingana ndi mtundu wa khansa yam'mimba yomwe idapezeka ndi dokotala.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu

Maonekedwe a khansa yam'mimba imalumikizidwa ndi zoopsa zina, monga:

• Kumwa kwambiri mowa ndi ndudu;
• Kudya zakumwa zotentha pamwamba pa 65º C, monga khofi, tiyi kapena chimarrão, mwachitsanzo;
• Kuyamwa kwa zinthu zamchere, monga klorini yogwiritsira ntchito kuyeretsa komwe kumabweretsa kufooka kwa kum'mero;
• Mbiri ya khansa yamutu kapena khosi.

Kuphatikiza apo, khansa yamtunduwu imafala kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda monga gastritis, gastroesophageal Reflux kapena matenda a Plummer-Vinson, achalasia kapena Barrett's esophagus mwachitsanzo, ndimkwiyo wam'mero ​​nthawi zambiri umakhala chifukwa cha Reflux m'mimba ya bile.

Kodi chithandizo

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo chimaganizira komwe chotupacho chili ndi gawo la matendawa, kuphatikiza pa mbiri yazachipatala, zaka ndi zizindikiritso zake. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha khansa yamtunduwu yowonetsedwa ndi oncologist ndi gastroenterologist itha kuphatikizira:

• Opaleshoni kuti achotse kholingo: gawo lomwe lili ndi chotupacho limachotsedwa ndipo linalo limalumikizidwa m'mimba. Komabe, pamene kholalo liyenera kuchotsedwa kotheratu, m'pofunika kuyika ziwalo zopangira kholingo kapena kuchotsa gawo la m'matumbo kuti mulowe mmero, mwachitsanzo;
• Chithandizo chamagetsi: Zimachitidwa pofuna kuteteza kukula kwa maselo otupa m'mimba;
• Chemotherapy: kudzera mu jakisoni mumitsempha kapena minofu ndipo nthawi zina kudzera m'mapiritsi omwe amalimbikitsanso kuthana ndi maselo a khansa omwe angakhale akadalipo.

Nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa samachiritsiratu khansa, amangothandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo za khansa ndikuchulukitsa moyo wa wodwalayo. Kukula kwa khansa yamtunduwu kumasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wa khansa, masitepe, mankhwala omwe amachitidwa komanso momwe wodwalayo amayankhira kuchipatala, koma chifukwa matendawa amapezeka nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake chiyembekezo cha moyo wa wodwalayo ndi pafupifupi 5 wazaka.

Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa moyo wa wodwala khansa m'mero ​​kumakulirakulira pamene chotupacho chimangopezeka pakhosi ndipo palibe metastases.

Chakudya cha khansa ya m'mimba

Pankhani ya khansa ya kholingo, pangafunike kusintha zina ndi zina pakadyedwe kake, chifukwa chovuta kumeza komanso zovuta zamankhwala, makamaka chemotherapy yomwe imayambitsa kusuta komanso kusapeza bwino m'mimba.

Chifukwa chake, pangafunike kuphika zakudya zamphaka, monga phala ndi msuzi mu blender, kapena kuwonjezera thicken ku zakudya zamadzimadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pangafunike kulandila michere kudzera mumitsempha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chubu ya nasogastric, yomwe ndi chubu yomwe imayenda kuchokera m'mphuno kupita m'mimba, kuti muthandizire kulandira zakudya zoyenera. Onani zakudya zina zomwe simungathe kutafuna.