Kodi matenda obadwa nawo a mtima ndi mitundu yayikulu ndi chiyani?

Zamkati

• Mitundu yayikulu
• 1. kobadwa nako cyanotic matenda amtima
• 2. kobadwa nako acyanotic matenda a mtima
• Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilo
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Matenda amtima obadwa nawo ndi chilema m'mapangidwe amtima omwe amakulabe m'mimba mwa mayi, omwe amatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito kwa mtima, ndipo amabadwa kale ndi mwana wakhanda.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda amtima, omwe amatha kukhala ofatsa ndipo amapezeka pokhapokha munthu wamkulu, ngakhale atakhala oopsa kwambiri, omwe ndi matenda amtima wamtundu wa cyanotic, omwe amatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa magazi mthupi. Amatha kukhala ndi zoyambitsa, monga Down syndrome, kapena chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mimba, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, mankhwala kapena matenda a mayi wapakati.

Matenda amtima obadwa nawo amatha kupezeka m'mimba mwa amayi ndi ultrasound ndi echocardiogram. Matendawa amatha kuchira chifukwa chithandizo chake chitha kuchitidwa kudzera pakuchita opareshoni kuti athetse vutoli, zomwe zimadalira mtundu ndi zovuta za matenda amtima.

Mitundu yayikulu

Matenda amtima amatha kudziwika ngati:

1. kobadwa nako cyanotic matenda amtima

Matenda amtunduwu ndi owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chilema mumtima chimatha kukhudza kwambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wamagazi, ndipo, kutengera kukula kwake, kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo monga pallor, mtundu wabuluu wa khungu, kusowa a mpweya, kukomoka ngakhale kukomoka ndi kufa. Zikuluzikulu ndizo:

• Zolemba Zachinyengo: Imalepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera pamtima kupita m'mapapu, chifukwa chophatikizika ndi zofooka 4, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa valavu yomwe imalola magazi kudutsa m'mapapu, kulumikizana pakati pamitsempha yamtima, kusintha kwa kukhazikika kwa msempha ndi hypertrophy lamanjenje lamanja lamanja;
• Zovuta za Ebstein: amalepheretsa magazi kuyenda chifukwa cha zolakwika mu tricuspid valavu, yomwe imalumikiza zipinda zamtima woyenera;
• Atresia ya m'mapapo: Zimayambitsa kusayankhulana pakati pa mtima ndi mapapo oyenera, kuteteza magazi kuti asapatsidwe mpweya wabwino.

Momwemonso, matenda obadwa nawo a cyanotic mtima ayenera kupezeka mwachangu, m'mimba mwa mayi kapena atangobadwa kumene, pogwiritsa ntchito ma echocardiograms omwe amazindikira kusintha kwa mtima, kukonzekera kulowererapo, komanso kupewa sequelae kwa mwanayo.

2. kobadwa nako acyanotic matenda a mtima

Matenda amtunduwu amayambitsa kusintha komwe sikumayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima, ndipo kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikilo zimadalira kuuma kwa vuto la mtima, kuyambira pakalibe kwa zizindikilo, zizindikilo pokhapokha poyesetsa, mtima kulephera .

Kutengera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, kusintha kumeneku kumatha kupezeka atangobadwa, kapena atakula. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:

• Kuyankhulana kwapakati (CIA): Kuyankhulana kosazolowereka kumachitika pakati pa mtima wa atria, womwe ndi zipinda zapamwamba kwambiri;
• Kuyankhulana kwapakati (IVC): Pali cholakwika pakati pamakoma a ma ventricles, ndikupangitsa kulumikizana kokwanira kwa zipindazi komanso kusakaniza kwa mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya komanso wopanda oxygen;
• Ductus arteriosus (PDA): ngalandeyi imakhalapo mwachilengedwe mwa mwana kuti ilumikizane ndi ventricle yolondola yamtima ndi msempha, kuti magazi apite kumalo olowera ndikulandila mpweya, koma ayenera kutseka atangobadwa. Kulimbikira kwake kumatha kubweretsa zovuta pakupumitsa magazi a wakhanda mpweya;
• Matenda a atrioventricular septal (DSVA): Amayambitsa kulumikizana kosakwanira pakati pa atrium ndi ventricle, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima ugwire ntchito yovuta.

Mosasamala mtundu wamatenda obadwa nawo amtima, kaya cyanotic kapena acyanotic, titha kunena kuti ndizovuta pamene mtima uli ndi vuto la zolakwika zingapo zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe ake, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza, monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri mwachitsanzo, zachinyengo.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilo

Zizindikiro za matenda obadwa nawo amtima zimadalira mtundu ndi zovuta za zopindika zamtima. Mu akhanda ndi makanda, atha kukhala:

• Cyanosis, womwe ndi utoto wofiirira pamphuno kapena pamilomo;
• Thukuta lopambanitsa;
• Kutopa kwambiri pakudya;
• Pallor ndi mphwayi;
• Kulemera pang'ono ndi kusowa chakudya;
• Kupuma mwachangu komanso kwakanthawi ngakhale kupumula;
• Kukwiya.

Kwa ana okalamba kapena akulu, zizindikilo zingakhale:

• Kuthamanga mtima ndi pakamwa pofiirira pambuyo poyesetsa;
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi;
• Kutopa kosavuta poyerekeza ndi ana ena azaka zomwezo;
• Sichikukula kapena kunenepa nthawi zambiri.

Kusintha kwa kukula kwa mtima kumawonekeranso, kutsimikiziridwa kudzera pakuwunika kwa x-ray ndi echocardiogram.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha matenda obadwa nawo amtima chingachitike ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro, monga okodzetsa, beta-blockers, kuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima, ndi inotropes, kukulitsa kugunda kwamphamvu. Komabe, chithandizo chotsimikizika ndi opaleshoni yokonza, yowonetsedwa pafupifupi milandu yonse, yokhoza kuchiritsa matenda amtima.

Nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka kuti zidziwike ndipo zitha kuthetsedwa mwachangu pomwe mwana amakula, ndikupangitsa moyo wake kukhala wabwinobwino. Komabe, milandu yowopsa kwambiri imafunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni mchaka choyamba cha moyo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma syndromes angapo amtundu wamtundu amatha kukhala ndi vuto la mtima, ndipo zitsanzo zina ndi Down's syndrome, Alagille, DiGeorge, Holt-Oram, Leopard, Turner ndi Williams, mwachitsanzo, momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito uyenera kuyesedwa bwino ngati mwanayo ali amapezeka ndi matendawa.