Maselo amphuno: zomwe ali, mitundu ndi chifukwa chake amasunga

Zamkati

• Mitundu yama cell stem
• Momwe mankhwala amadzimadzi amathandizira
• Kusungabe timadzi timene timayambira?
• Ubwino wosunga tsinde

Maselo ophatikizira ndi maselo omwe sanasiyanitsidweko ndi ma cell ndipo amatha kudzikonza komanso kuyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaselo, zomwe zimapangitsa ma cell apadera omwe amakhala ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo pakudzibwezeretsa mwapadera komanso kutulutsa ukadaulo, ma cell a tsinde amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, monga myelofibrosis, thalassemia ndi sickle cell anemia.

Mitundu yama cell stem

Maselo opatsirana amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

1. Maselo amtundu wa embryonic: Amapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mluza ndipo amakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kosiyanitsa, kutha kupanga mtundu uliwonse wamaselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga maselo apadera;
2. Maselo osakhazikika kapena achikulire: Awa ndi maselo omwe sanasinthidwepo ndipo ali ndi udindo wokonzanso matupi onse m'thupi. Selo lamtunduwu limapezeka paliponse m'thupi, koma makamaka mu umbilical chingwe ndi m'mafupa. Maselo akuluakulu amatha kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: maselo am'magazi am'magazi, omwe ali ndi udindo wopatsa maselo amwazi, ndi ma mesenchymal cell, omwe amachititsa khungu, minofu ndi minyewa, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza pa maselo amtundu wa embryonic komanso akuluakulu, palinso maselo am'magazi, omwe ndi omwe amapangidwa mu labotale ndipo amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri yamaselo.

Momwe mankhwala amadzimadzi amathandizira

Maselo opezeka mwachilengedwe amapezeka mthupi ndipo amafunikira pakupanga maselo atsopano ndi kusinthika kwa minofu. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe ndi awa:

• Matenda a Hodgkin, myelofibrosis kapena mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi;
• Beta thalassemia;
• Matenda ochepetsa magazi;
• Matenda a Krabbe, Günther kapena matenda a Gaucher, omwe ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kagayidwe kake;
• Kuperewera kwa chitetezo chamthupi monga Matenda a Granulomatous;
• Zofooka zokhudzana ndi msana wamtundu monga mitundu ina ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, neutropenia kapena matenda a Evans;
• Osteopetrosis.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti ma stem cell amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda omwe alibe mankhwala kapena mankhwala othandiza, monga Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Cerebral Palsy, AIDS, Rheumatoid Arthritis ndi mtundu wa shuga woyamba. yachitika mankhwala a tsinde.

Kusungabe timadzi timene timayambira?

Chifukwa chazotheka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, maselo am'magazi amatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndikusungidwa kutentha kwambiri kuti athe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwana kapena banja pakafunika kutero.

Njira yosonkhanitsira ndi kusunga maselo am'madzi amatchedwa cryopreservation ndipo kufunitsitsa kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga maselowa kuyenera kudziwitsidwa musanabadwe. Pambuyo pobereka, maselo amtundu wa mwana amatha kupezeka m'magazi, umbilical chingwe kapena m'mafupa. Akatha kusonkhanitsa, maselo am'munsi amasungidwa kutentha kotsika kwambiri, kuwalola kuti azipezeka nthawi iliyonse pafupifupi zaka 20 mpaka 25.

Maselo otetezedwa nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'ma laboratories omwe amadziwika kuti histocompatibility and cryopreservation, omwe nthawi zambiri amapereka njira zolipirira zoteteza maselo kwa zaka 25, kapena kubanki yaboma kudzera mu pulogalamu ya BrasilCord Network, momwe ma cell amaperekedwa kwa anthu, ndipo atha kukhala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda kapena kafukufuku.

Ubwino wosunga tsinde

Kusunga maselo amtundu wa mwana wa umbilical kumatha kuthandizira kuchiza matenda omwe mwanayo kapena abale ake apamtima amakhala nawo. Chifukwa chake, maubwino osungitsa malo ndi awa:

1. Tetezani mwana ndi banja: pakakhala kuti pakufunika kuti ma cell ena aikidwe, kusungidwa kwawo kumachepetsa mwayi wakukanidwa kwa khandalo, ndipo palinso kuthekera kuti atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza aliyense m'banja mwachindunji yemwe angafune, monga mchimwene kapena msuwani, mwachitsanzo.
2. Imathandizira kupezeka kwama cell nthawi yomweyo kusamutsa pakafunika kutero;
3. Njira yosavuta komanso yopanda zopweteka, kuchitidwa atangobereka kumene ndipo sizimapweteka mayi kapena mwana.

Maselo omwewo amatha kupezeka kudzera m'mafupa, koma mwayi wopeza wopereka woyenerana ndi wocheperako, kuwonjezera pa njira yosonkhanitsira ma cell, pali ngozi, yofunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Kusungunuka kwa maselo am'mimba panthawi yobereka ndi ntchito yomwe ingakhale yotsika mtengo ndipo chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kapena ayi chiyenera kukambidwa ndi adotolo, kuti makolo aposachedwa apange chisankho chabwino kwa mwana wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, maseli am'matumbo samangothandiza kuchiza matenda amtsogolo omwe khanda lingakhale nawo, komanso amathandizanso kuchiza matenda am'banja, monga mchimwene, bambo kapena msuwani.