6 Mavuto Amtundu wa Chithokomiro ndi Mavuto

Zamkati

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism kuzindikira ndi chithandizo
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Matenda a Hypothyroidism ndi chithandizo
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Matenda ndi matenda a Hashimoto
• Matenda a manda
• Matenda a manda kuzindikira ndi chithandizo
• Chiwombankhanga
• Matendawa ndi mankhwala
• Mitundu ya chithokomiro
• Chidziwitso cha matenda a chithokomiro ndi chithandizo
• Matenda wamba a chithokomiro mwa ana
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Hyperthyroidism
• Mitundu ya chithokomiro
• Khansa ya chithokomiro
• Kupewa kukanika kwa chithokomiro

Chidule

Chithokomiro ndi kansalu kakang'ono, kokhala ngati gulugufe komwe kali pansi pakhosi panu pansipa pa apulo la Adam. Ndi mbali ya maukonde ovuta otchedwa endocrine system. Makina endocrine ndi omwe amayang'anira ntchito zomwe thupi lanu limachita. Chithokomiro chimapanga mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kagayidwe kake ka thupi.

Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kubwera ngati chithokomiro chanu chimatulutsa mahomoni ochulukirapo (hyperthyroidism) kapena osakwanira (hypothyroidism).

Matenda anayi ofala a chithokomiro ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis, matenda a Graves, goiter, ndi timinofu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

Hyperthyroidism

Mu hyperthyroidism, chithokomiro chimatulutsa ntchito. Amapanga mahomoni ambiri. Hyperthyroidism imakhudza pafupifupi 1% ya azimayi. Ndizochepa mwa amuna.

Matenda a Graves ndi omwe amafala kwambiri chifukwa cha hyperthyroidism, yomwe imakhudza pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso. Zilonda zamtundu wa chithokomiro - zomwe zimatchedwa poizoni nodular goiter kapena multinodular goiter - zimathandizanso kuti gland ichulukitse mahomoni ake.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumabweretsa zizindikilo monga:

• kusakhazikika
• manjenje
• kuthamanga mtima
• kupsa mtima
• thukuta lowonjezeka
• kugwedezeka
• nkhawa
• kuvuta kugona
• khungu lowonda
• tsitsi lofooka ndi misomali
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kuonda
• maso otupa (m'matenda a Graves)

Hyperthyroidism kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Kuyezetsa magazi kumayesa mahomoni a chithokomiro (thyroxine, kapena T4) ndi mahomoni otulutsa chithokomiro (TSH) m'magazi anu. Matenda a pituitary amatulutsa TSH kuti chithokomiro chikhale ndi mahomoni ake. Matenda apamwamba a thyroxine ndi otsika a TSH amasonyeza kuti chithokomiro chanu chimagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kukupatsirani ayodini pakamwa kapena ngati jakisoni, ndiyeno muyese kuchuluka kwa matenda anu a chithokomiro. Chithokomiro chanu chimatenga ayodini kuti apange mahomoni ake. Kutenga ayodini wambiri wama radioactive ndi chizindikiro chakuti chithokomiro chanu chatha. Mulingo wotsika wa radioactivity umathetsa mwachangu ndipo siowopsa kwa anthu ambiri.

Mankhwala a hyperthyroidism amawononga chithokomiro kapena amalepheretsa kutulutsa mahomoni ake.

• Mankhwala a Antithyroid monga methimazole (Tapazole) amaletsa chithokomiro kutulutsa mahomoni ake.
• Mlingo waukulu wa ayodini woipa umawononga chithokomiro. Mumamwa ngati piritsi pakamwa. Pamene chithokomiro chanu chimayamba ndi ayodini, chimakopanso ayodini yemwe amawononga gland.
• Opaleshoni itha kuchitidwa kuti muchotse chithokomiro chanu.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a ayodini kapena ma radio omwe amawononga vuto lanu la chithokomiro, mumayamba hypothyroidism ndipo muyenera kumwa mahomoni a chithokomiro tsiku lililonse.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Hypothyroidism ndi yosiyana ndi hyperthyroidism. Chithokomiro sichitha kugwira ntchito, ndipo sichingatulutse mahomoni okwanira.

Hypothyroidism nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis, opaleshoni yochotsa chithokomiro, kapena kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala a radiation. Ku United States, zimakhudza pafupifupi 4.6 peresenti ya anthu azaka 12 kapena kupitirira. Matenda ambiri a hypothyroidism ndi ofatsa.

Kupanga pang'ono kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kumabweretsa zizindikilo monga:

• kutopa
• khungu lowuma
• kuchuluka kudziwa chimfine
• mavuto okumbukira
• kudzimbidwa
• kukhumudwa
• kunenepa
• kufooka
• kugunda kwa mtima pang'ono
• chikomokere

Matenda a Hypothyroidism ndi chithandizo

Dokotala wanu adzayesa magazi kuti ayese TSH yanu ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro. Mulingo wapamwamba wa TSH komanso otsika a thyroxine atha kutanthauza kuti chithokomiro chanu sichikugwira ntchito. Maguluwa amathanso kuwonetsa kuti vuto lanu lamatenda limamasula TSH yambiri kuti ayesetse chithokomiro kuti apange mahomoni ake.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha hypothyroidism ndikumwa mapiritsi a chithokomiro. Ndikofunika kupeza mlingo woyenera, chifukwa kutenga mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro kungayambitse zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis amadziwikanso kuti lymphocytic thyroiditis. Ndicho chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a hypothyroidism ku United States, omwe amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 14 miliyoni aku America. Zitha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, koma ndizofala kwambiri mwa azimayi azaka zapakati. Matendawa amapezeka pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira molakwika ndikuwononga pang'onopang'ono chithokomiro komanso kuthekera kwake kutulutsa mahomoni.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la Hashimoto's thyroiditis sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu. Matendawa amatha kukhala okhazikika kwazaka zambiri, ndipo zizindikilo zake zimakhala zobisika. Sizilinso zachindunji, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatsanzira zikhalidwe zina zambiri. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• kutopa
• kukhumudwa
• kudzimbidwa
• kunenepa pang'ono
• khungu lowuma
• tsitsi louma, lowonda
• nkhope yotuwa, yotupa
• msambo wovuta komanso wosasinthasintha
• tsankho chimfine
• kukulitsa chithokomiro, kapena goiter

Matenda ndi matenda a Hashimoto

Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa TSH nthawi zambiri kumakhala gawo loyambirira pofufuza mtundu uliwonse wamatenda amtundu wa chithokomiro. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa TSH komanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (T3 kapena T4) ngati mukukumana ndi zina mwazizindikiro pamwambapa. Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndimatenda amthupi, chifukwa chake kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsanso ma antibodies achilendo omwe atha kukhala akuukira chithokomiro.

Palibe mankhwala odziwika a Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mankhwala obwezeretsa mahormone nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutukula mahomoni a chithokomiro kapena kutsitsa ma TSH. Itha kuthandizanso kuthetsa zizindikilo za matendawa. Kuchita opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira kuchotsa gawo kapena chithokomiro chonse muzochitika zaposachedwa kwambiri za Hashimoto's. Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka msanga ndipo amakhala okhazikika kwazaka zambiri chifukwa amapita pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda a manda

Matenda a manda adatchulidwa kuti adotolo omwe adayamba kuwafotokozera zaka zoposa 150 zapitazo. Ndicho chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha hyperthyroidism ku United States, chomwe chimakhudza pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 200.

Graves ’ndimatenda amthupi omwe amapezeka pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimalakwitsa chithokomiro. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti gland ichulukitse mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kuwongolera kagayidwe.

Matendawa ndi obadwa nawo ndipo amatha kukula msinkhu uliwonse mwa amuna kapena akazi, koma amapezeka kwambiri azimayi azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 30, malinga ndi. Zina mwaziwopsezo zimaphatikizapo kupsinjika, kutenga mimba, ndi kusuta.

Pakakhala kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi anu, machitidwe amthupi lanu amathamanga ndipo amayambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimafanana ndi hyperthyroidism. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• nkhawa
• kupsa mtima
• kutopa
• kunjenjemera kwa manja
• kuwonjezeka kapena kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• thukuta kwambiri
• kuvuta kugona
• kutsegula m'mimba kapena kuyenda matumbo pafupipafupi
• kusintha kwa msambo
• Chifuwa
• maso otupa ndi mavuto amaso

Matenda a manda kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Kuyeza kosavuta kumatha kuwonetsa chithokomiro chokulitsa, maso otutumuka, ndi zizindikilo zakuchulukirapo kwa kagayidwe kake, kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwa magazi mwachangu komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Dokotala wanu ayeneranso kuyitanitsa kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa T4 komanso kutsika kwa TSH, zonsezi ndizizindikiro za matenda a Graves. Mayeso okhudzana ndi ayodini okhudzidwa ndi radioactive amathanso kuperekedwanso kuti muwone momwe chithokomiro chanu chimatengera ayodini mwachangu. Kutenga kwambiri ayodini kumagwirizana ndi matenda a Graves.

Palibe mankhwala olepheretsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuukira chithokomiro ndikupangitsa kuti ichulukitse mahomoni. Komabe, zizindikiro za matenda a Graves zimatha kuwongoleredwa m'njira zingapo, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza mankhwala:

• beta-blockers kuti athetse kuthamanga kwa mtima, nkhawa, ndi thukuta
• Mankhwala a antithyroid oletsa chithokomiro chanu kuti chisatulutse mahomoni ambiri
• ayodini wa radioactive kuwononga zonse kapena gawo lanu la chithokomiro
• opaleshoni kuti muchotse chithokomiro chanu, njira yokhazikika ngati simungalekerere mankhwala a antithyroid kapena ayodini

Kuchiza bwino kwa hyperthyroidism nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa hypothyroidism. Muyenera kumwa mankhwala obwezeretsa mahomoni kuyambira pamenepo. Matenda a manda atha kubweretsa mavuto amtima komanso kuwonongeka mafupa ngati atapanda kuchiritsidwa.

Chiwombankhanga

Goiter ndikukulitsa kopanda khansa kwa chithokomiro. Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a khosi padziko lonse ndi kusowa kwa ayodini mu zakudya. Ochita kafukufuku akuti chiwindi chimakhudza anthu 200 miliyoni pa anthu 800 miliyoni omwe alibe ayodini padziko lonse lapansi.

Komanso, goiter nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi - komanso chizindikiro cha - hyperthyroidism ku United States, komwe mchere wa ayodini umapereka ayodini wambiri.

Goiter ingakhudze aliyense pa msinkhu uliwonse, makamaka m'madera a dziko lapansi kumene zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini sizikupezeka. Komabe, ma goiters amakhala ofala atakwanitsa zaka 40 komanso azimayi, omwe amakhala ndi vuto la chithokomiro. Zina mwaziwopsezo zimaphatikizapo mbiri yazachipatala yabanja, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, kutenga pakati, komanso kuwonetsedwa kwa radiation.

Pangakhalebe zizindikiro zilizonse ngati chotupacho sichikhala choopsa. Chotupacho chingayambitse chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi ngati chikukula mokwanira, kutengera kukula kwake:

• kutupa kapena kulimba m'khosi mwako
• zovuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• kukhosomola kapena kupuma
• liwu losokosera

Matendawa ndi mankhwala

Dokotala wanu amamva m'khosi mwanu ndipo amakumezani panthawi yoyezetsa thupi. Kuyezetsa magazi kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, TSH, ndi ma antibodies m'magazi anu. Izi zipeza zovuta za chithokomiro zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a khosi. Chithokomiro cha ultrasound chimatha kuwona ngati pali zotupa kapena zotupa.

Goiter nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa pokhapokha ikakhala yovuta kwambiri kuyambitsa zizindikiro. Mutha kumwa pang'ono ayodini ngati chotupa chimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini. Mavitamini a ayodini amatha kuchepetsa chithokomiro. Opaleshoni idzachotsa gland yonse kapena gawo lina. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka chifukwa chotupa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro cha hyperthyroidism.

Goiters nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a chithokomiro ochiritsidwa kwambiri, monga matenda a Graves. Ngakhale ma goiters samakonda kukhala nkhawa, amatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu ngati atapanda kuchiritsidwa. Zovutazi zimatha kuphatikizira kupuma movutikira komanso kumeza.

Mitundu ya chithokomiro

Minyewa ya chithokomiro ndi zophuka zomwe zimapangidwa kapena kutulutsa chithokomiro. Pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya amuna ndi 5% ya amayi omwe akukhala m'maiko okwanira ayodini ali ndi mitsempha ya chithokomiro yomwe ndi yayikulu mokwanira kumva. Pafupifupi anthu 50 pa 100 aliwonse amakhala ndi mitsempha yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuti imve.

Zomwe zimayambitsa sizidziwika nthawi zonse koma zimatha kuphatikizira kusowa kwa ayodini komanso Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mitunduyi imakhala yolimba kapena yodzaza madzi.

Ambiri ndi oopsa, koma amathanso kukhala ndi khansa nthawi zochepa. Mofanana ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi chithokomiro, ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofala kwambiri mwa amayi kuposa amuna, ndipo chiopsezo cha amuna ndi akazi chimakulirakulira.

Mavuto ambiri a chithokomiro samayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, ngati akula mokwanira, atha kubweretsa kutupa m'khosi mwanu ndikupangitsa kupuma ndi kumeza zovuta, kupweteka, ndi zotupa.

Mitundu ina ya timinofu ting'onoting'ono timatulutsa timadzi ta chithokomiro, timene timachititsa kuti magazi azituluka kwambiri. Izi zikachitika, zizindikiro zimakhala zofanana ndi za hyperthyroidism ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kuthamanga kwambiri
• manjenje
• kuchuluka kwa njala
• kunjenjemera
• kuonda
• khungu lolimba

Kumbali inayi, zizindikilo zimafanana ndi hypothyroidism ngati ma nodule akhudzana ndi matenda a Hashimoto. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kutopa
• kunenepa
• kutayika tsitsi
• khungu lowuma
• tsankho lozizira

Chidziwitso cha matenda a chithokomiro ndi chithandizo

Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imadziwika panthawi yoyezetsa thupi. Amatha kupezeka pa ultrasound, CT scan, kapena MRI. Pomwe nodule yapezeka, njira zina - kuyesa kwa TSH ndikuwunika chithokomiro - kumatha kuyang'ana za hyperthyroidism kapena hypothyroidism. Choyesa chabwino cha singano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenga nyemba zam'magazi ndikuzindikira ngati noduleyo ndi khansa.

Mitundu ya chithokomiro ya Benign siyowopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri, palibe chomwe chimachitika kuchotsa nodule ngati singasinthe pakapita nthawi. Dokotala wanu atha kupanganso zina ndikulimbikitsa ayodini wama radioactive kuti achepetse mitsempha ikamakula.

Matenda a khansa ndi osowa kwambiri - malinga ndi National Cancer Institute, khansa ya chithokomiro imakhudza ochepera 4 peresenti ya anthu. Chithandizo chomwe dokotala amalimbikitsa chimasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chotupacho. Kuchotsa chithokomiro kudzera mu opaleshoni nthawi zambiri kumakhala chithandizo chamankhwala. Mankhwala othandizira ma radiation nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kapena opaleshoni. Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imafunika ngati khansara imafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Matenda wamba a chithokomiro mwa ana

Ana amathanso kupeza matenda a chithokomiro, kuphatikizapo:

• hypothyroidism
• hyperthyroidism
• mitsempha ya chithokomiro
• khansa ya chithokomiro

Nthawi zina ana amabadwa ndi vuto la chithokomiro. Nthawi zina, opaleshoni, matenda, kapena chithandizo cha vuto lina chimayambitsa.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Ana amatha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hypothyroidism:

• Kobadwa nako hypothyroidism kumachitika pamene chithokomiro England’Zimakula bwino pobadwa. Zimakhudza pafupifupi 1 mwa ana 2,500 mpaka 3,000 omwe amabadwa ku United States.
• Autoimmune hypothyroidism imayambitsidwa ndimatenda omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayambitsa chithokomiro. Mtundu uwu umayamba chifukwa cha matenda am'magazi amtundu wa lymphocytic. Autoimmune hypothyroidism imawonekera nthawi yachinyamata, ndipo’Amakonda kwambiri atsikana kuposa anyamata.
• Iatrogenic hypothyroidism imachitika mwa ana omwe chithokomiro chawo chimachotsedwa kapena kuwonongedwa - mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu opaleshoni.

Zizindikiro za hypothyroidism mwa ana ndi izi:

• kutopa
• kunenepa
• kudzimbidwa
• tsankho chimfine
• tsitsi louma, lowonda
• khungu lowuma
• kugunda pang'onopang'ono kwa mtima
• mawu okweza
• nkhope yotupa
• kuchuluka kwa msambo kwa atsikana

Hyperthyroidism

Pali zifukwa zambiri za hyperthyroidism mwa ana:

• Matenda a manda sichodziwika kwambiri kwa ana kuposa achikulire. Matenda a manda nthawi zambiri amawonekera pazaka zaunyamata, ndipo amakhudza atsikana ambiri kuposa anyamata.
• Matenda osokoneza bongo ndi zophuka pa chithokomiro cha mwana zomwe zimatulutsa timadzi tambiri.
• Chithokomiro amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa chithokomiro komwe kumapangitsa kuti timadzi ta chithokomiro tituluke m'magazi.

Zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism mwa ana ndi izi:

• kuthamanga kwa mtima
• kugwedezeka
• maso otupa (mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Graves)
• kusakhazikika komanso kukwiya
• kusagona bwino
• kuchuluka kwa njala
• kuonda
• kuchulukitsa matumbo
• tsankho kutentha
• Chifuwa

Mitundu ya chithokomiro

Minyewa ya chithokomiro imakhala yosowa kwa ana, koma ikachitika, amakhala ndi khansa. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha nthenda ya chithokomiro mwa mwana ndi chotupa m'khosi.

Khansa ya chithokomiro

Khansara ya chithokomiro ndiyo khansa yotchuka kwambiri ya endocrine mwa ana, komabe imakhalabe yosowa kwambiri. Amapezeka mwa ana ochepera zaka 10 miliyoni ochepera zaka 10 chaka chimodzi. Izi ndizocheperako pang'ono kwa achinyamata, ndipo pamakhala pafupifupi zaka 15 miliyoni pa azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 19.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya chithokomiro mwa ana ndi izi:

• chotupa m'khosi
• zotupa zotupa
• kumverera kolimba m'khosi
• kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• mawu okweza

Kupewa kukanika kwa chithokomiro

Nthawi zambiri, simungapewe hypothyroidism kapena hyperthyroidism. M'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, hypothyroidism nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ayodini. Komabe, chifukwa cha ayodini wowonjezera pa mchere wa patebulo, kusowa uku ndikosowa ku United States.

Hyperthyroidism nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a Graves, matenda omwe amangodzitchinjiriza okha omwe sangapewe. Mutha kuchotsa chithokomiro chopitilira muyeso pomwa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro. Ngati mwapatsidwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, onetsetsani kuti mumamwa mankhwala oyenera. Nthawi zambiri, chithokomiro chanu chimatha kugwira kwambiri ntchito mukamadya zakudya zambiri zomwe zili ndi ayodini, monga mchere wapatebulo, nsomba, ndi udzu wam'madzi.

Ngakhale simungathe kupewa matenda a chithokomiro, mutha kupewa zovuta zake mukamapezeka nthawi yomweyo ndikutsatira zomwe dokotala akukuuzani.