Aphasia: ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungapangire kulumikizana mosavuta

Zamkati

• Momwe mungapangire kulumikizana kukhala kosavuta
• Malangizo kwa omwe ali ndi aphasia kuti athe kuyankhulana bwino
• Momwe mungadziwire ngati ndi aphasia
• 1. Zovuta kuyankhula - Broca's aphasia
• 2. Kumvetsetsa kovuta - Wernicke's aphasia
• Kodi chithandizo cha aphasia ndichotani pakulankhula

Kusokonekera kwa kulumikizana kumatchedwa aphasia mwasayansi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo, komwe kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha sitiroko, nthawi zambiri, kapena chifukwa cha chotupa chaubongo kapena chifukwa changozi zapagalimoto, ndi mfuti kapena kugwa kwakukulu.

Aphasia amafanana ndi kusintha kwamitsempha m'magawo awiri aubongo, omwe amadziwika kuti dera la Broca ndi dera la Wernicke. Malinga ndi dera lomwe lakhudzidwa, aphasia amatha kusankhidwa kukhala:

• Broca's aphasia, momwe pamakhala kutengapo gawo kwaubongo komwe kumayang'anira chilankhulo, ndizovuta kupanga ziganizo zathunthu ndi mawu olumikizana, mwachitsanzo;
• Aphasia wa Wernicke, momwe pamakhala kuwonongeka kwa gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira kumvetsetsa kwamalankhulidwe, movutikira kukambirana, kalankhulidwe kamakhala kosagwirizana;
• Zosakaniza aphasia, momwe madera awiriwa akukhudzidwa

Kutaya kuyankhula ndi kumvetsetsa kumatha kukhala kwakanthawi kapena kwamuyaya, kutengera chifukwa cha aphasia. Ndikofunikira kuti aphasia azindikiridwe ndikuchiritsidwa ndi wolankhula kuti alimbikitse madera omwe akhudzidwa muubongo, motero, njira zitha kukhazikitsidwa kuti zithandizire kulumikizana tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngakhale zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta kulumikizana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zingathandize kuti azikhala limodzi ndikuchepetsa kukhumudwa ndikulimbikitsa kusintha kwa moyo wamunthuyo.

Momwe mungapangire kulumikizana kukhala kosavuta

Cholinga chake ndikuti kuwonjezera pakuwunika omwe amalankhula, munthuyo amathandizidwa ndi abwenzi komanso abale kuti kulumikizana kukhale kosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti pakukhazikitsidwa njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa ndikuthandizira kulumikizana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia, monga:

• Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osavuta ndikuyankhula pang'onopang'ono;
• Lolani kuti winayo alankhule mosapupuluma;
• Osayesa kumaliza ziganizo za munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia;
• Pewani phokoso lakumbuyo monga wailesi kapena zenera lotseguka;
• Gwiritsani ntchito zojambula ndi manja polongosola lingaliro;
• Funsani mafunso omwe yankho lawo ndi inde kapena ayi;
• Pewani kupatula wodwala yemwe ali ndi aphasia pazokambirana.

Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kukhala zosangalatsa kukhazikitsanso mitu kukambirana kusanayambe, izi zimalola kuti munthuyo adziwe momwe zokambiranazo zidzakhalire ndipo, chifukwa chake, samangodabwa. Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuzindikira mitundu ya zosintha ndi zomwe wodwalayo ali ndi aphasia pazokambirana, kuti madotolo azitha kusintha njira zamankhwala kuti azikhala ochepa.

Malangizo kwa omwe ali ndi aphasia kuti athe kuyankhulana bwino

Anthu omwe amapezeka ndi aphasia akuyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu kuti kulumikizana kwawo kukhale kwamadzimadzi komanso madera omwe akhudzidwa ndiubongo kuti alimbikitsidwe. Chifukwa chake, kuti athe kulankhulana bwino, munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia atha kukhala ndi cholembera chaching'ono ndi cholembera kuti athe kufotokoza malingaliro ake kudzera pazithunzi, nthawi iliyonse pakafunika kulumikizana, kupatula kukhala kosangalatsa kupanga buku laling'ono lamawu, zithunzi ndi mawu omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti manja onse monga "siyani", "mwala", "chabwino" kapena "pamenepo" atengeredwe, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi ngati simutha kuyankhula, mutha kuwonetsa motero kulumikizana. Njira ina yomwe ingakhale yosangalatsa ndi kukhala ndi khadi mchikwama kapena chikwama chanu chofotokozera kuti muli ndi aphasia, kuti anthu omwe mumalankhula nawo athe kusintha njira yolumikizirana.

Banja lingathenso kutenga nawo gawo pothandizira kulumikizana kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi aphasia, zolimbikitsa ndi zithunzi za abale ake, kuti munthuyo ayesere kutchula, kapena ngakhale, kuyika zomata zazing'ono pazinthu kuti munthuyo ayesere kuzitcha zinthuzi, mwachitsanzo "chitseko", "zenera", "tebulo" ndi ena.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati ndi aphasia

Aphasia atha kubweretsa zovuta kunena zomwe mukufuna kapena kuvuta kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena. Zizindikiro za aphasia zimasiyanasiyana kutengera dera laubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa, chofala kwambiri:

1. Zovuta kuyankhula - Broca's aphasia

Mu mtundu uwu wa aphasia, munthuyo zimawavuta kunena mawu omwe akufuna, nthawi zambiri amalowetsa mawu ena osagwirizana kapena osamveka bwino, monga kuchotsa "nsomba" ndi "buku", amavutika kupanga ziganizo ndi mawu ena awiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasakaniza mawu omwe kulibe ndi ena omwe amamveka bwino mu sentensi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofala kubowola aphasia kuti munthu asinthe mawu amawu ochepa, monga "makina ochapira" a "laquima de mavar", ndikulankhula mawu omwe kulibe poganiza kuti alipo ndipo amamveka bwino.

2. Kumvetsetsa kovuta - Wernicke's aphasia

Mu Wernicke's aphasia, munthu samamvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena, makamaka akamayankhula mwachangu, samatha kumvetsetsa zomwe wina akunena pakakhala phokoso m'chilengedwe, ndipo amavutika kuwerenga mabuku kapena zina zilizonse zolembedwa.

Mu mtundu wa aphasia, zitha kukhalanso zovuta kumvetsetsa lingaliro la manambala, monga kudziwa nthawi yake kapena kuwerengera ndalama, kuphatikiza pakumvetsetsa nthabwala kapena mawu odziwika monga "kukugwa mipeni yamthumba", mwachitsanzo .

Kodi chithandizo cha aphasia ndichotani pakulankhula

Chithandizo cha aphasia chimayambitsidwa, nthawi zambiri, ndimagawo azachilankhulo muofesi ya wothandizira olankhula, kudzera pazinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa madera omwe akhudzidwa ndiubongo. M'magawo awa, wothandizira olankhula amatha kufunsa wodwalayo kuti ayesetse kufotokoza yekha, osagwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kapena zojambula.

M'magawo ena, wothandizira olankhula amatha kuphunzitsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zina mwanjira izi, momwe angapangire zolimbitsa thupi, kujambula kapena kuloza zinthu, kulumikizana bwino.