Vuto la Ebola: momwe zidachitikira, mitundu ndi momwe mungadzitetezere

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya Ebola
• Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe Matenda a Ebola Amachitikira
• Momwe mungadzitetezere ku Ebola
• Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukudwala Ebola
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Milandu yoyamba yakufa yomwe idalembedwa ndi kachilombo ka Ebola idawonekera ku Central Africa mu 1976, pomwe anthu adayipitsidwa chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mitembo ya nyani.

Ngakhale chiyambi cha Ebola sichidziwika, ndizodziwika kuti kachilomboka kamapezeka m'mitundu ina ya mileme yomwe sikhala ndi matendawa, koma imatha kuipatsira. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuti nyama zina, monga nyani kapena nguluwe zakutchire, zimadya zipatso zodetsedwa ndi malovu a mileme ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimapatsira anthu mwa kudya nkhumba zowonazo ngati chakudya.

Pambuyo poyipitsidwa ndi nyama, anthu amatha kufalitsa kachilomboka pakati pawo m'malovu, magazi ndi zotulutsa zina zathupi, monga umuna kapena thukuta.

Ebola ilibe mankhwala ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kufalitsa kachilomboka kuchokera kwa anthu kudzera pachipatala cha odwala padera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoteteza (PPE).

Mitundu ya Ebola

Pali mitundu isanu ya Ebola, yomwe idatchulidwa malinga ndi dera lomwe idatulukira koyamba, ngakhale mtundu uliwonse wa Ebola umafa kwambiri ndipo umayambitsa matenda omwewo kwa odwala.

Mitundu 5 yodziwika ya Ebola ndi iyi:

• Ebola Zaire;
• Ebola Bundibugyo;
• Ebola ku Ivory Coast;
• Ebola Reston;
• Ebola Sudan.

Munthu akakhala ndi kachilombo ka mtundu umodzi wa Ebola ndikapulumuka, samakhala ndi kachilomboka, komabe sangatengeke ndi mitundu ina ija, ndipo amatha kudwalanso Ebola.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kachilombo ka Ebola zimatha kutenga masiku 2 mpaka 21 kuti ziwonekere pambuyo podetsa ndikuphatikizira:

• Malungo pamwamba 38.3 38C;
• Kudwala panyanja;
• Chikhure;
• Chifuwa;
• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri.

Komabe, pakatha sabata limodzi, zizindikirazo zimangokulira, ndipo zitha kuwoneka:

• Kusanza (komwe kumatha kukhala ndi magazi);
• Kutsekula m'mimba (komwe kumatha kukhala ndi magazi);
• Chikhure;
• Kutuluka kwa magazi komwe kumayambitsa magazi kudzera m'mphuno, khutu, pakamwa kapena dera loyandikana;
• Mawanga am'magazi kapena zotupa pakhungu;

Kuphatikiza apo, munthawi iyi yowonjezeka yazizindikiro pomwe kusintha kwamaubongo kumatha kuwoneka komwe kakuika pangozi moyo, ndikumusiya munthu ali chikomokere.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa Ebola kumachitika kudzera m'mayeso a labotale. Kupezeka kwa ma antibodies a IgM kumatha kuwonekera patatha masiku awiri kuchokera pomwe zizindikiro zimayamba ndikutha pakati pa masiku 30 ndi 168 mutadwala.

Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa ndimayeso apadera a labotale, monga PCR, pogwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri amwazi, gawo lachiwiri ndi maola 48 kuchokera woyamba uja.

Momwe Matenda a Ebola Amachitikira

Kufala kwa Ebola kumachitika mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi, malovu, misozi, thukuta kapena umuna kuchokera kwa odwala ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, ngakhale atamwalira.

Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa Ebola kumatha kuchitika pamene wodwalayo ayetsemula kapena kutsokomola osateteza pakamwa ndi mphuno, komabe, mosiyana ndi chimfine, ndikofunikira kukhala pafupi kwambiri komanso kulumikizana pafupipafupi kuti mutenge matendawa.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe adakumana ndi wodwala Ebola amayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa masabata atatu poyesa kutentha kwa thupi, kawiri patsiku ndipo, ngati ali ndi malungo opitilira 38.3º, alandire kuti ayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Momwe mungadzitetezere ku Ebola

Njira zopewera matenda a Ebola ndi izi:

• Pewani malo ophulika;
• Sambani m'manja ndi sopo kangapo patsiku;
• Khalani kutali ndi odwala Ebola komanso omwe aphedwa ndi Ebola chifukwa amathanso kufalitsa matendawa;
• Osadya 'nyama yamasewera', samalani ndi mileme yomwe imatha kukhala ndi kachilomboka, popeza ndi nkhokwe zachilengedwe;
• Osakhudza madzi amthupi a munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka, monga magazi, masanzi, ndowe kapena kutsegula m'mimba, mkodzo, zotulutsa kukhosomola ndi kuyetsemula komanso kuchokera kumalo obisika;
• Valani magolovesi, zovala za mphira ndi chigoba mukakhudzana ndi munthu wodetsedwa, osamugwira munthuyu ndi kupha mankhwala atagwiritsidwa ntchito;
• Wotcha zovala zonse za munthu yemwe wamwalira ndi Ebola.

Popeza matenda a Ebola atha kutenga masiku 21 kuti apezeke, pakabuka mliri wa Ebola tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipewe kupita kumadera omwe akhudzidwa komanso malo omwe ali m'malire a mayiko awa. Njira ina yomwe ingakhale yothandiza ndikupewa malo opezeka anthu ambiri okhala ndi anthu ambiri, chifukwa sizodziwika nthawi zonse omwe angatenge kachilomboka komanso kufalitsa kachilomboko ndikosavuta.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukudwala Ebola

Zomwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite ngati matenda a Ebola ndikutalikirana ndi anthu onse ndikufunafuna malo azachipatala posachedwa chifukwa chithandizo chikangoyamba kumene, mpata waukulu wochira. Samalani kwambiri ndi kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha kachilombo ka Ebola ndichopangitsa wodwalayo kuthiriridwa ndi kudyetsedwa, koma palibe mankhwala enieni omwe angachiritse Ebola. Odwala omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amasungidwa okha kuchipatala kuti azisungunuka ndi kupewa matenda omwe angabuke, kuchepetsa kusanza komanso kupewa kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena.

Ofufuzawa akuphunzira momwe angapangire mankhwala omwe angalepheretse kachilombo ka Ebola komanso katemera yemwe angateteze Ebola, koma ngakhale asayansi apita patsogolo, sanalandiridwebe kugwiritsa ntchito mwa anthu.