Matenda a Matenda Othandizira, kuchokera ku Genetic to Autoimmune

Zamkati

• Mitundu yamatenda othandizira
• Matenda ophatikizika olumikizirana chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa jini limodzi
• Matenda othandizira othandizira omwe amadziwika ndi kutukusira kwa minofu
• Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiritso zamatenda othandizira amtundu
• Matenda a Ehlers-Danlos
• Epidermolysis ng'ombe
• Matenda a Marfan
• Osteogenesis chosakwanira
• Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiritso zamatenda okhudzana ndi autoimmune
• Polymyositis ndi dermatomyositis
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Scleroderma
• Matenda a Sjogren
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE kapena lupus)
• Vasculitis
• Chithandizo
• Zovuta
• Chiwonetsero

Chidule

Matenda amtundu wolumikizana amaphatikizira zovuta zingapo zomwe zimatha kukhudza khungu, mafuta, minofu, mafupa, tendon, ligaments, fupa, cartilage, ngakhale diso, magazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Minofu yolumikizira imagwirizira maselo amthupi lathu limodzi. Amalola kutambasula kwa minofu ndikutsatiridwa ndikubwerera kuzovuta zake zoyambirira (ngati gulu labala). Amapangidwa ndi mapuloteni, monga collagen ndi elastin. Zinthu zamagazi, monga ma cell oyera ndi ma mast cell, zimaphatikizidwanso m'mapangidwe ake.

Mitundu yamatenda othandizira

Pali mitundu ingapo yamatenda othandizira. Ndikofunika kuganizira magawo awiri akulu. Gawo loyamba limaphatikizira omwe adatengera, makamaka chifukwa cha chilema cha jini imodzi chotchedwa mutation. Gawo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo omwe minofu yolumikizira ikulimbana ndi ma antibodies olimbana nawo. Matendawa amachititsa kufiira, kutupa, ndi kupweteka (komwe kumatchedwanso kutupa).

Matenda ophatikizika olumikizirana chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa jini limodzi

Matenda olumikizirana chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa jini limodzi amabweretsa vuto pakupanga ndi kulimba kwa minofu yolumikizana. Zitsanzo za izi ndi monga:

• Matenda a Ehlers-Danlos (EDS)
• Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)
• Matenda a Marfan
• Osteogenesis chosakwanira

Matenda othandizira othandizira omwe amadziwika ndi kutukusira kwa minofu

Matenda olumikizirana omwe amadziwika ndi kutukusira kwa minofu amayamba chifukwa cha ma antibodies (otchedwa autoantibodies) omwe thupi limapanga molakwika motsutsana ndi matupi awo. Izi zimatchedwa matenda amadzimadzi. M'gulu ili pali zinthu zotsatirazi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala wotchedwa rheumatologist:

• Polymyositis
• Dermatomyositis
• Matenda a nyamakazi (RA)
• Scleroderma
• Matenda a Sjogren
• Zokhudza lupus erythematosis
• Vasculitis

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wolumikizana amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo za matenda opitilira muyeso amodzi. Nthawi izi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amatchula kuti matendawa ndi matenda osakanikirana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiritso zamatenda othandizira amtundu

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikilo za matenda olumikizana ndi minofu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha vuto limodzi la jini amasiyana chifukwa cha protein yomwe imapangidwa modabwitsa ndi jini lopunduka.

Matenda a Ehlers-Danlos

Matenda a Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) amayamba chifukwa cha vuto la mapangidwe a collagen. EDS kwenikweni ndi gulu la zovuta zopitilira 10, zonse zomwe zimadziwika ndi khungu lotambasula, kukula kosafunikira kwa minofu yofiira, ndi malo olumikizirana kwambiri. Kutengera mtundu wa EDS, anthu amathanso kukhala ndi mitsempha yofooka yamagazi, msana wopindika, nkhama zotuluka magazi kapena mavuto amagetsi am'mapapo, mapapo, kapena chimbudzi. Zizindikiro zimayambira pofatsa mpaka zovuta kwambiri.

Epidermolysis ng'ombe

Oposa mitundu imodzi ya epidermolysis bullosa (EB) imapezeka. Mapuloteni olumikizirana monga keratin, laminin, ndi collagen amatha kukhala achilendo. EB imadziwika ndi khungu losalimba. Khungu la anthu omwe ali ndi EB nthawi zambiri limakhala matuza kapena misozi ngakhale kaphokoso kakang'ono kapenanso nthawi zina ngakhale kungovala zovala. Mitundu ina ya EB imakhudza njira yopumira, gawo logaya chakudya, chikhodzodzo, kapena minofu.

Matenda a Marfan

Matenda a Marfan amayamba chifukwa cha chilema chama protein fibrillin. Zimakhudza mitsempha, mafupa, maso, mitsempha ya magazi, ndi mtima. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Marfan nthawi zambiri amakhala atali komanso owonda modabwitsa, amakhala ndi mafupa atali kwambiri ndi zala zazing'ono ndi zala. Abraham Lincoln ayenera kuti anali nawo. Nthawi zina anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Marfan amakhala ndi gawo lokulitsa la aorta (aortic aneurysm) lomwe limatha kubweretsa kuphulika kwakupha.

Osteogenesis chosakwanira

Anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto amtundu umodzi omwe ali pamutuwu onse ali ndi zovuta za collagen limodzi ndi minofu yocheperako, mafupa otupa, komanso mitsempha yotakasuka. Zizindikiro zina za osteogenesis imperfecta zimadalira mtundu wina wa osteogenesis imperfecta womwe ali nawo. Izi zingaphatikizepo khungu lowonda, msana wopindika, kumva kwakumva, kupuma movutikira, mano omwe amathyoledwa mosavuta, ndi utoto wabuluu kwa azungu amaso.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiritso zamatenda okhudzana ndi autoimmune

Matenda olumikizana ndi mafinya chifukwa chazomwe amadzichitira okha amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi majini osakanikirana omwe amawonjezera mwayi woti abwere ndi matendawa (nthawi zambiri akamakula). Zimakhalanso nthawi zambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna.

Polymyositis ndi dermatomyositis

Matenda awiriwa ndi ofanana. Polymyositis imayambitsa kutupa kwa minofu. Dermatomyositis imayambitsa kutupa kwa khungu. Zizindikiro za matenda onsewa ndizofanana ndipo zimaphatikizaponso kutopa, kufooka kwa minofu, kupuma movutikira, kuvuta kumeza, kuwonda, ndi malungo. Khansa imatha kukhala yofananira ndi ena mwa odwalawa.

Matenda a nyamakazi

Mu nyamakazi ya nyamakazi (RA), chitetezo cha mthupi chimagunda nembanemba yopyapyala yolumikizana ndi mafupa. Izi zimayambitsa kuuma, kupweteka, kutentha, kutupa, ndi kutupa mthupi lonse. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kutopa, kusowa njala, ndi kutentha thupi. RA imatha kuwononga manjenjelo mpaka muyaya ndikuwononga. Pali mitundu yaubwana yomwe ili yayikulu komanso yocheperako.

Scleroderma

Scleroderma imayambitsa khungu lolimba, lakuda, minofu yambiri, komanso kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo. Mitundu ya vutoli imagwera m'magulu awiri: zam'deralo kapena systemic scleroderma. M'madera ena, vutoli limangokhala pakhungu. Milandu yayikulu imakhudzanso ziwalo zazikulu ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Matenda a Sjogren

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a Sjogren ndi mkamwa mouma ndi maso. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amathanso kutopa kwambiri komanso kumva kupweteka m'malo olumikizirana mafupa. Vutoli limakulitsa chiopsezo cha lymphoma ndipo limatha kukhudza mapapu, impso, mitsempha yamagazi, dongosolo logaya chakudya, ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE kapena lupus)

Lupus imayambitsa kutupa kwa khungu, mafupa, ndi ziwalo. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuphulika pamasaya ndi mphuno, zilonda zam'kamwa, kuzindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa, madzimadzi pamtima ndi m'mapapu, kutaya tsitsi, mavuto a impso, kuchepa magazi, zovuta zokumbukira, komanso matenda amisala.

Vasculitis

Vasculitis ndi gulu lina lazikhalidwe zomwe zimakhudza mitsempha yamagazi mderalo. Zizindikiro zofala zimaphatikizapo kusowa kwa njala, kuonda, kupweteka, malungo, ndi kutopa.Sitiroko imatha kuchitika ngati mitsempha yamaubongo yatupa.

Chithandizo

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala ochiritsira matenda aliwonse olumikizana ndi minofu. Kuphulika kwamankhwala amtundu, komwe majini amtundu wina amaletsedwa, amakhala ndi lonjezo la matenda amtundu umodzi wamatenda olumikizirana.

Kwa matenda omwe amadzimitsa okha minyewa yolumikizira, chithandizo chimapangidwa ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zizindikilo. Njira zatsopano zochiritsira psoriasis ndi nyamakazi zitha kupewetsa matenda amthupi omwe amayambitsa kutupa.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda amtundu wa autoimmune ndi awa:

• Corticosteroids. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chiwononge maselo anu ndikupewa kutupa.
• Ma Immunomodulators. Mankhwalawa amapindulitsa chitetezo chamthupi.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amatha kuthandiza ngati zizindikilo ndizochepa, zimatha kupewetsa kuwonongeka.
• Oletsa ma calcium. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kupumula minofu pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.
• Methotrexate. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro za nyamakazi.
• Mankhwala a kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mankhwalawa amatsegula mitsempha yamagazi m'mapapu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutupa kwamthupi, kulola magazi kuyenda mosavuta.

Opaleshoni, opareshoni ya aortic aneurysm kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi Ehlers Danlos kapena syndromes a Marfan ikhoza kupulumutsa moyo. Kuchita maopaleshoni kumeneku kumachita bwino makamaka ngati kumachitidwa kusanachitike.

Zovuta

Matendawa amatha kupangitsa matenda amthupi okha.

Omwe ali ndi matenda a Marfan amatha kuphulika kapena kutuluka aortic aneurysm.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta odwala amatha kupuma movutikira chifukwa cha mavuto am'mimba ndi nthiti.

Odwala omwe ali ndi lupus nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madzi ozungulira pamtima omwe amatha kupha. Odwala otere amathanso kukomoka chifukwa cha vasculitis kapena lupus kutupa.

Kulephera kwa impso ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la lupus ndi scleroderma. Matenda onsewa ndi matenda ena amtundu wokhazikika amtunduwu amatha kubweretsa zovuta m'mapapu. Izi zitha kubweretsa kupuma pang'ono, kutsokomola, kupuma movutikira, komanso kutopa kwambiri. Nthawi zovuta, zovuta zam'mapapo zamatenda amtundu wamagulu zimatha kupha.

Chiwonetsero

Pali kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwamomwe odwala omwe ali ndi jini limodzi kapena matenda amthupi amathandizira pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale atalandira chithandizo, matenda amtundu wamagulu nthawi zambiri amawipira. Komabe, anthu ena omwe ali ndi mitundu yochepa ya matenda a Ehlers Danlos kapena Marfan syndrome safuna chithandizo ndipo amatha kukhala okalamba.

Chifukwa cha mankhwala atsopano a chitetezo cha mthupi, anthu amatha kusangalala ndi zovuta zazaka zambiri ndipo amatha kupindula ngati kutupa "kwapsa" ndikukalamba.

Ponseponse, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa connective adzapulumuka kwazaka zosachepera 10 atawazindikira. Koma matenda amtundu uliwonse amtundu uliwonse, atha kukhala amtundu umodzi kapena okhudzana ndi autoimmune, amatha kudwala matendawa.