Fibrillation ya Atrial: Zoona, Ziwerengero, ndi Inu

Zamkati

• Kukula
• Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa
• Zizindikiro
• Zovuta
• Mayeso ndi matenda
• Chithandizo
• Kupewa
• Mtengo

Matenda a Atrial, omwe amadziwikanso kuti AFib kapena AF, ndi kugunda kwamtima kosafunikira (arrhythmia) komwe kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi mtima monga magazi, sitiroko, ndi mtima kulephera.

AFib ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limatha kuchitika popanda zizindikilo koma limatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa ngati sichingalandiridwe.

Kupanikizika kwabwinobwino kwa ulusi wam'mimba wazipinda zapamtima zam'mimba (atria) nthawi zambiri kumalola kuti magazi azitsatiridwa mwadongosolo komanso mokwanira kuchokera kuzipinda zapamtima kupita m'munsi mwake (ma ventricles).

Ku AFib, komabe, magetsi osokonezeka kapena othamanga amachititsa kuti atria igwirizane mwachangu komanso mwachangu (fibrillate).

Magazi omwe sanatulutsidwe kwathunthu kuchokera ku atria amatha kutsalira ndipo atha kulowa pamenepo. Kukulitsa kugwira mtima kwa mtima ndikupewa matenda osiyanasiyana, zipinda zam'mwamba ndi zotsika za mtima ziyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi. Izi sizichitika nthawi ya AFib.

AFib imatha kuchitika mwachidule, kapena itha kukhala yokhazikika. Nthawi zina, thandizo lazachipatala limafunikira. Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa:

Kukula

AFib ndiye arrhythmia wofala kwambiri yemwe amapezeka mchipatala.

Chiwerengero cha kuchuluka kwa AFib ku United States kuyambira pafupifupi. Chiwerengerocho akuti chikukwera.

Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu omwe ali ndi AFib mu 2010 anali 33.5 miliyoni, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2013. Ndizo pafupifupi 0,5 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi.

Malinga ndi a, pafupifupi 2% ya anthu ochepera zaka 65 ali ndi AFib, pomwe 9% ya anthu azaka 65 kapena kupitilira pamenepo ali nayo.

Malinga ndi a, anthu omwe sazindikira kuti ndi oyera amakhala ndi vuto lochepa komanso amakhala ndi AFib.

Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa

Pali mitundu inayi yayikulu ya AFib.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ndipamene AFib imayamba popanda chenjezo ndikuyimilira mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu wa AFib umadziwonekera wokha mkati mwa maola 24, koma zimatha kutenga sabata.

Pamene AFib imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa sabata, amatchedwa kulimbikira kwa atrial fibrillation.

AFib yomwe imatha kupitilira chaka chimodzi osachokapo ndi kuyimilira kwakanthawi kosalekeza kwamatenda.

AFib yomwe ikupitilira ngakhale chithandizo chimatchedwa okhazikika atrial fibrillation.

Zovuta kapena kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka mtima ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a atrial fibrillation. Mutha kukhala ndi AFib ngati muli:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• matenda a mtima, zopindika za mtima, kapena kulephera kwa mtima
• enaake ophwanya mtima kapena pericarditis
• hyperthyroidism
• kunenepa kwambiri
• shuga kapena matenda amadzimadzi
• matenda am'mapapo kapena matenda a impso
• kugona tulo
• mbiri ya banja la AFib

AFib imalumikizananso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena amtima, kuphatikizapo mtima kulephera komanso kupwetekedwa mtima.

Makhalidwe abwino amathanso kuonjezera chiopsezo ku AFib. Izi zikuphatikizapo kumwa caffeine ndi kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso. Kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena matenda amisala amathanso kukhala gawo la AFib.

Mwayi wopanga AFib ukuwonjezeka ndi zaka. Pafupifupi anthu omwe ali ndi AFib ali azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 85. Kuchuluka kwa AFib ndikokwera kwambiri mwa amuna. Komabe, popeza azimayi amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa amuna, chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi AFib ndi ofanana.

Ngakhale anthu ochokera ku Europe ali ndi matenda a atrial, kafukufuku wapeza kuti zovuta zake zambiri - kuphatikiza sitiroko, matenda amtima, ndi kulephera kwa mtima - ndizofala pakati pa anthu aku Africa America.

Zizindikiro

Simumva zizindikiro za AFib nthawi zonse, koma zina mwazizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kugundana kwamtima komanso kupuma movutikira.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• mutu wopepuka kapena chizungulire
• kukomoka kapena kusokonezeka
• kutopa kwambiri
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupweteka

Zovuta

Pali kuzindikira kowonjezereka kuti atril fibrillation nthawi zambiri sadziwika koma ndi vuto lalikulu.

Kaya muli ndi zizindikiro kapena ayi, AFib imakuyikani pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha sitiroko. Malinga ndi American Heart Association, ngati muli ndi AFib, mumakhala ndi stroke nthawi 5 kuposa yemwe alibe.

Ngati mtima wanu ukugunda kwambiri, zitha kuchititsa kulephera kwa mtima. AFib imatha kupangitsa magazi kuphimba mumtima mwanu. Mitsempha imeneyi imatha kuyenda m'magazi, ndipo pamapeto pake imatseka.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti azimayi omwe ali ndi AFib ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chofa ziwalo komanso kufa kuposa amuna omwe ali ndi AFib.

Mayeso ndi matenda

Kuwunika kumatha kukhala gawo la chisamaliro chanu chanthawi zonse ngati muli ndi zaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo, kapena ngati muli ndi zoopsa zina. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za AFib, pitani kuchipatala.

Kuyezetsa matenda kungaphatikizepo electrocardiogram (EKG kapena ECG) kuti muwone momwe mtima wanu umagwirira ntchito. Chiyeso china chomwe chingathandize ndi kuwunika kwa Holter, ECG yonyamula yomwe imatha kuwunika mayendedwe amtima wanu masiku angapo.

Echocardiogram ndi mayeso ena osasunthika omwe amatha kupanga zithunzi za mtima wanu, kuti dokotala wanu athe kuyang'ana pazovuta.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa mayeso amwazi kuti awone zomwe zingayambitse matenda anu, monga vuto la chithokomiro. X-ray pachifuwa imatha kupatsa dokotala wanu kuyang'ana pamtima ndi m'mapapu anu kuti muwone ngati pali chifukwa china chodziwika cha zizindikilo zanu.

Chithandizo

AFib imathandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo, mankhwala, njira, ndi opaleshoni kuti zithandizire kuteteza magazi kuundana, kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kubwezeretsanso mtima wabwinobwino wamtima.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a atrial, dokotala wanu adzafunanso matenda aliwonse omwe angayambitse matendawa ndikuwunika chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi magazi owopsa.

Chithandizo cha AFib chingaphatikizepo:

• mankhwala oletsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kugunda kwake
• mankhwala ochepetsa magazi oteteza magazi kuundana kuti asapangitse ndikuchepetsa ziwopsezo za sitiroko
• opaleshoni
• moyo wathanzi umasintha kuti athane ndi zoopsa

Mankhwala ena amathanso kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa mtima wanu. Izi zikuphatikiza beta blockers (metoprolol, atenolol), calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil), ndi digitalis (digoxin).

Ngati mankhwalawa sanachite bwino, mankhwala ena amatha kuthandizira kukhalabe ndi mtima wabwino. Mankhwalawa amafunika kusamala ndi kuwunika mosamala:

• amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)
• alirezatalischi (Tikosyn)
• flecainide (Tambocor)
• ibutilide (Corvert)
• mankhwala (Rythmol)
• sotalol (Betapace, Sorine)
• disopyramide (Norpace)
• procainamide (Procan, Procapan, Pronestyl)

Mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wamtima amathanso kubwezeretsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa munjira yotchedwa mtima wamagetsi. Ngati izo sizigwira ntchito, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyesa china chake chotchedwa ablation, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi mabala kapena kuwononga minofu mumtima mwanu kuti isokoneze zikwangwani zamagetsi zolakwika zomwe zimayambitsa arrhythmia.

Kuchotsa kwa ma atrioventricular node ndi chisankho china. Pochita izi, mafupipafupi a radiowave amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga gawo la minofu. Pochita izi, atria singathenso kutumiza zikoka zamagetsi.

Wopanga pacemaker amasunga ma ventricles akumenya bwino. Kuchita opaleshoni ya Maze ndi njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa kwa anthu omwe amafunikira kale mtundu wina wa opaleshoni yamtima. Mabala ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa ku atria kotero kuti zikwangwani zamagetsi zosokonezeka sizingadutse.

Monga gawo la chithandizo chanu, mudzakulangizidwa kuti muzidya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi gawo lofunikira la thanzi la mtima, chifukwa chake funsani dokotala wanu kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angakuthandizeni.

Onani dokotala wanu pafupipafupi kuti akuthandizeni. Muyeneranso kupewa kusuta.

Kupewa

Simungaletse AFib kwathunthu, koma pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti mtima wanu ukhale wathanzi.

Yesetsani kuti magazi anu azithamanga, kuchuluka kwama cholesterol, kuchuluka kwa triglyceride, komanso kulemera kwake.

Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la AFib omwe adasankha kuchepa thupi komanso kuwongolera zinthu zowopsa anali ndi zipatala zochepa, kutaya mtima, ndi njira zoperekera ndalama poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe anakana kulembetsa.

Zosintha zina pamoyo wanu zomwe mungapange ndi monga:

• kukhala ndi zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri m'thupi, mafuta okhathamira, komanso mafuta osinthasintha
• kudya masamba ambiri, zipatso, ndi njere zonse
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse
• kusiya kusuta
• kumwa mowa pang'ono
• kupewa caffeine ngati ingayambitse AFib yanu
• kumwa mankhwala anu onse molingana ndi chizindikiro kapena malangizo a dokotala wanu
• kufunsa dokotala musanawonjezere mankhwala aliwonse owonjezera kapena owonjezera pa regimen yanu
• kukonzekera kuyendera pafupipafupi ndi dokotala wanu
• kufotokozera dokotala kupweteka kwa m'chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kapena zizindikiro zina msanga
• kuyang'anira ndi kuchiza matenda ena

Mtengo

AFib ndichikhalidwe chokwera mtengo. Mtengo wonse wa AFib ku United States umabwera pafupifupi $ 26 biliyoni pachaka.

Powonongeka, iyi inali $ 6 biliyoni yosamalira makamaka cholinga chochizira AFib, $ 9.9 biliyoni kuchiza matenda ena amtima ndi ziwopsezo zake, ndi $ 10.1 biliyoni kuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi mtima.

, zipatala zoposa 750,000 zimachitika chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha AFib. Vutoli limathandizanso kuti anthu pafupifupi 130,000 azimwalira chaka chilichonse.

CDC imanena kuti kuchuluka kwa imfa kuchokera ku AFib ngati choyambitsa kapena choyambitsa imfa kwakhala kukukwera kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa odwala a Medicare pakati pa 1998 mpaka 2014 adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a fibrillation amatha kukhala mchipatala (37.5% vs. 17.5%) ndipo amafa kwambiri panthawi yachipatala (2.1% vs. 0.1%) kuposa omwe anali ofanana anthu opanda AFib.