Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Zamkati

• Kodi bronchogenic carcinoma ndi chiyani?
• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi chimayambitsa bronchogenic carcinoma ndi chiyani?
• Kodi bronchogenic carcinoma imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi njira zamankhwala ndi ziti?
• Opaleshoni
• Chemotherapy
• Mafunde
• Mankhwala oyenera kapena immunotherapy
• Chithandizo chothandizira
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?
• Zoyenera kuchita pambuyo pake

Kodi bronchogenic carcinoma ndi chiyani?

Bronchogenic carcinoma ndi mtundu uliwonse wa khansa yamapapu. Mawuwa kale amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za khansa zina zam'mapapo zomwe zimayamba mu bronchi ndi bronchioles, njira zopita kumapapu. Komabe, lero limatanthauza mtundu uliwonse.

Khansa yaying'ono yamapapo yam'mapapo (SCLC) ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono (NSCLC) ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya bronchogenic carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma, cell cell carcinoma, ndi squamous cell carcinoma ndi mitundu yonse ya NSCLC.

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi bronchus imafala, kuwerengetsa pafupifupi 13% ya odwala khansa ku United States.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za bronchogenic carcinoma zimatha kukhala zofatsa kwambiri kotero kuti sizimaliza mabelu alamu aliwonse. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro sizimawonekera mpaka khansara itafalikira. Izi ndi zina mwazizindikiro za khansa yamapapu:

• chifuwa chosalekeza kapena chowonjezeka
• kupuma
• kutsokomola magazi ndi ntchofu
• kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumakulirakulira mukamapuma kwambiri, kuseka, kapena kutsokomola
• kupuma movutikira
• ukali
• kufooka, kutopa
• pafupipafupi kapena mosalekeza kuukira kwa bronchitis kapena chibayo

Zizindikiro zomwe khansa yafalikira ndi monga:

• mchiuno kapena kupweteka kwa msana
• kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kapena kugwidwa
• dzanzi m'manja kapena mwendo
• chikasu cha maso ndi khungu (jaundice)
• ma lymph node owonjezera
• kuonda kosadziwika

Kodi chimayambitsa bronchogenic carcinoma ndi chiyani?

Aliyense akhoza kudwala khansa yamapapo. Zimayamba pomwe maselo am'mapapo amayamba kusintha. M'malo mongofa momwe amafunira, maselo abwinobwino amapitilizabe kubereka ndikupanga zotupa.

Choyambitsa sichingadziwike nthawi zonse, koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yamapapo.

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndikusuta, komwe kumayambitsa pafupifupi 90% ya milandu ya khansa yamapapo. Kusiya kusuta kumachepetsa chiopsezo chanu. Kukhudzana ndi utsi wa fodya kumathandizanso kuti pakhale chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yamapapo. SCLC siicheperako kuposa NSCLC, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala chifukwa cha kusuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa chachiwiri chofala kwambiri ndi kukhudzana ndi radon, mpweya wamagetsi womwe umatha kubwera kudzera m'nthaka komanso munyumba. Ndi yopanda utoto komanso yopanda fungo, chifukwa chake simudziwa kuti mukuwululidwa pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito chida choyesera radon.

Kuopsa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo kumakulanso ngati mukusuta fodya yemwe amadziwikanso ku radon.

Zina mwa zifukwa zake ndi izi:

• kupuma ndi mankhwala owopsa monga asbestos, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, uranium, ndi mafuta ena
• kukhudzana utsi utsi ndi tinthu zina mlengalenga
• chibadwa; Mbiri ya banja la khansa yamapapo ikhoza kukuika pachiwopsezo chachikulu
• poizoniyu wakale m'mapapu
• kukhudzana ndi arsenic wambiri m'madzi akumwa

Khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna, makamaka amuna aku Africa aku America, kuposa azimayi.

Kodi bronchogenic carcinoma imapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu angafune kuyang'ana khansa yamapapu ngati muli ndi zaka zopitilira 55, mwasuta, kapena muli ndi mbiri yapa khansa yamapapo.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu, pali mayeso angapo omwe dokotala angagwiritse ntchito kuti athandizire.

• Kuyesa mayeso. Ma X-ray pachifuwa atha kuthandiza dokotala kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa misala kapena nodule. Kujambula kwa chifuwa cha CT kumatha kupereka tsatanetsatane, mwina kuwonetsa zotupa pang'ono m'mapapu zomwe X-ray ikhoza kuphonya.
• Sputum cytology. Zitsanzo za ntchofu zimasonkhanitsidwa mukatha kutsokomola. Zitsanzozo zimayesedwa pansi pa microscope ngati umboni wa khansa.
• Chisokonezo. Chitsanzo cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera kumalo okayikira m'mapapu anu. Dokotala wanu atha kutenga nyemboyi pogwiritsa ntchito bronchoscope, chubu chomwe chimadutsa pammero kupita m'mapapu. Kapena mungapangidwe pansi pakhosi panu kuti mupeze ma lymph node. Kapenanso, dokotala wanu amatha kuyika singano kudzera pachifuwa pakhosi kuti atenge chitsanzo. Katswiri wazachipatala adzaunika zitsanzozo pogwiritsa ntchito microscope kuti adziwe ngati ma cell a khansa alipo.

Ngati khansa yapezeka, wodwalayo amathanso kudziwa mtundu wa khansa yamapapo. Kenako khansara imatha kukhazikitsidwa. Izi zitha kufuna kuyesedwa kwina monga:

• ziwalo zina zomwe zili ndi madera okayikira
• kuyerekezera kujambula, monga CT, MRI, PET, kapena mafupa osonyeza mbali zina za thupi

Khansa ya m'mapapo imachitika kuyambira 1 mpaka 4, kutengera kutalika kwake. Kuyika masitepe kumathandizira kuwongolera chithandizo ndikupatsanso zambiri pazomwe mungayembekezere.

Kodi njira zamankhwala ndi ziti?

Chithandizo cha khansa yamapapo chimasiyana kutengera mtundu, gawo, ndi thanzi lanu lonse. Mungafunike mankhwala osiyanasiyana, omwe angaphatikizepo:

Opaleshoni

Khansa ikangokhala m'mapapu, kuchitidwa opaleshoni ndi njira ina. Ngati muli ndi chotupa chaching'ono, gawo laling'ono lamapapu, kuphatikiza malire ake, limatha kuchotsedwa.

Ngati mutu wonse wa m'mapapo umodzi uyenera kuchotsedwa, umatchedwa lobectomy. Pneumonectomy ndi opaleshoni yochotsa mapapu onse. (N'zotheka kukhala ndi mapapo amodzi.)

Pa opaleshoni yomweyi, ma lymph node ena apafupi amathanso kuchotsedwa ndikuyesedwa ngati ali ndi khansa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi njira yothandizira. Mankhwala amphamvuwa amatha kuwononga maselo a khansa mthupi lonse. Mankhwala ena a chemotherapy amapatsidwa kudzera m'mitsempha ndipo ena amatha kumwa pakamwa. Chithandizo chimatha milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi yambiri.

Chemotherapy nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zotupa asanachite opareshoni kapena kuwononga maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Mafunde

Poizoniyu amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuti awononge ndikuwononga ma cell a khansa mdera linalake m'thupi. Therapy imatha kukhala ndi chithandizo chamasiku onse kwa milungu ingapo. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira zotupa musanachite opareshoni kapena kulunjika maselo a khansa omwe atsalira pambuyo pa opareshoni.

Radiosurgery ndi mtundu wamankhwala owopsa kwambiri omwe samatenga magawo ochepa. Izi zitha kukhala zosankha ngati simungathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Mankhwala oyenera kapena immunotherapy

Mankhwala oyenera ndi omwe amangogwira ntchito pakusintha kwamitundu ina kapena mitundu ina ya khansa yamapapo. Mankhwala a immunotherapy amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuzindikira ndi kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khansa yam'mapapo yopita patsogolo kapena yabwereza.

Chithandizo chothandizira

Cholinga cha chisamaliro chothandizira ndikuchepetsa zizindikilo za khansa yamapapo komanso zoyipa zamankhwala. Chisamaliro chothandizira, chomwe chimatchedwanso chisamaliro chothandizira, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza moyo wonse. Mutha kulandira chithandizo cha khansa komanso chisamaliro nthawi yomweyo.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Maganizo anu amatengera zinthu zambiri, monga:

• mtundu winawake wa khansa yamapapo
• siteji pakuzindikira
• msinkhu komanso thanzi lathunthu

Ndizovuta kunena momwe munthu aliyense angachitire ndi mankhwala ake. Malinga ndi Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) yochokera ku National Cancer Institute, zaka 5 za khansa yamapapu ndi bronchus ndi iyi:

Izi siziyenera kutengedwa ngati malingaliro anu. Izi ndi ziwerengero zokha za mitundu yonse ya khansa yamapapu. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani zambiri zambiri malinga ndi tsatanetsatane wanu.

Zoyenera kuchita pambuyo pake

Kupeza kuti muli ndi khansa yam'mapapo ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake mudzakhala mukugwira ntchito limodzi ndi madotolo omwe amadziwika ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndibwino kukonzekera kukonzekera kudzakumananso ndi dokotala kuti mudzalandire kwambiri. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe mungafune kukambirana:

• Kodi ndimakhala ndi khansa yamapapu yamtundu wanji?
• Kodi mukudziwa siteji kapena ndikufunika mayesero ena kuti ndidziwe?
• Kodi matendawa ndi otani?
• Kodi njira zabwino kwambiri zochiritsira ndi ziti ndipo zolinga zanga ndizotani?
• Zotsatira zake zoyipa ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndiyenera kukhala ndi dokotala wosamalira nkhawa?
• Kodi ndimayenereradi kukayesedwa kuchipatala?
• Kodi ndingapeze kuti chidziwitso chodalirika kuti ndiphunzire zambiri?

Mwinanso mungafune kulingalira zolowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa yamapapu. Nazi njira zochepa zopezera yoyenera kwa inu:

• Funsani wanu oncologist, dokotala wamkulu wa chisamaliro, kapena chipatala chapafupi.
• Onani pa intaneti kuti mupeze mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zothandizira.
• Lumikizani ndi opulumuka khansa yamapapu.
• National Lung Cancer Support Group Network imapereka chithandizo kwa opulumuka ndi osamalira.

Kaya pa intaneti kapena panokha, magulu othandizira atha kukugwirizanitsani ndi anthu ena mumikhalidwe yofananayo. Mamembala amapereka ndikuthandizidwa pogawana zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi kukhala ndi khansa, kusamalira munthu yemwe ali ndi khansa, komanso momwe akumvera.